31-65 |
1989-2000 |
RCT: Shanghai, China; women working in factories |
Instruction on breast anatomy and 3-step BSE by trained factory medical worker with instruction reinforcement at 1 and 3 years and medically supervised CBE every 6 months (women practiced supervised BSE 1, 3, 6, and 9 months after initial instruction during year 1 and every 6 months for next 4 years). versus No information on breast cancer screening |
Relative Risk (RR) for breast cancer mortality = 1.03 (95% CI, 0.81-1.31) |
Benign biopsies: RR = 1.57 (95% CI, 1.48-1.68) |
Breast cancer was 6.5/1,000 women in the BSE group and 6.7/1,000 in control group. Breast cancer mortality equivalent in both groups 43. |
40-64 |
1985-2001 |
RCT, cluster randomization; Saint Petersburg, Russia; women attending clinics; n=123,748 |
Nurses or providers receive 3-hour training on BSE prior to instructing groups of 5-20 women. BSE instruction with reinforcement every 3 years provided by the trained personnel [CBE with review of BSE at annual clinic visits] versus no instruction; |
Relative Risk (RR) for all cause mortality = 1.07 (95% CI, 0.88-1.29) Breast cancer mortality not reported. |
Benign biopsies: RR 2.05 (95% CI, 1.80-2.33) |
Only 18% reported performing monthly BSE within 4 years of enrollment, which prompted BSE refresher every 3 years. Even with BSE instruction reinforcement, only 58% of women performed monthly BSE. Various publications from this study have unexplained inconsistencies in data reporting 44
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