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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Glia. 2010 Dec 29;59(3):486–498. doi: 10.1002/glia.21118

Figure 8.

Figure 8

RAGE blockage inhibits STAT3 activation in glioma-associated microglia (MG) and macrophages (MPs). Mice bearing GL261 intracranial tumors were given two intravenous injections of phosphate-buffered saline (control), anti-RAGE blocking antibody (αRAGE; 100μg), or control IgG (100μg) on days 14 and 16 after tumor implantation. Twenty four h after the last injection, brain samples were harvested, MG/MP cell populations (CD11b+) separated by Percoll, and examined for pSTAT3 by FACS analysis (A). Representative histogram (left) and mean ±SE (right) of two separate experiments is shown (n=4 mice/group). In a similar experiment, brains of GL261-bearing CX3CR1GFP mice were sectioned for pSTAT3 immunostaining (B, C). pSTAT3 activity (arrows) was measured by calculating the frequency (number of pSTAT3+ MG./MP, green cells), or the intensity (number of red particles per MG/MP, arrows) in 50 randomly-selected peritumoral fields (n=2 mice/group).