Table 2.
Unadjusted least squares mean concentrations of angiogenic markers by maternal and pregnancy characteristics – Total pregnancy sample (N = 1302)
| Placental Growth Factor (PlGF) |
Soluble Endoglin (sEng) |
Soluble Fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase-1 (sFlt-1) |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Meana | 95% CI | Pb | Meana | 95% CI | Pb | Meana | 95% CI | Pb | |
| Gestational Age at Enrollment | ||||||||||
| 15– 19.9 weeks (ref) | 211 | 228.2 | (207.9, 250.4) | ref | 5.30 | (5.06, 5.55) | ref | 1670 | (1504, 1855) | ref |
| 20– 24.9 weeks | 915 | 381.5 | (363.6, 400.3) | < 0.01 | 5.28 | (5.17, 5.40) | 1669 | (1593, 1748) | ||
| 25– 27.9 weeks | 176 | 556.8 | (509.4, 608.6) | < 0.01 | 5.81 | (5.51, 6.13) | < 0.01 | 1676 | (1501, 1871) | |
| Parity | ||||||||||
| Primiparous (ref) | 543 | 378.5 | (354.6, 403.9) | ref | 5.61 | (5.45, 5.78) | ref | 1948 | (1839, 2063) | ref |
| Multiparous | 759 | 364.7 | (344.9, 385.7) | 5.18 | (5.06, 5.30) | < 0.01 | 1501 | (1425, 1581) | < 0.01 | |
| Maternal Age at Enrollment | ||||||||||
| <20 years (ref) | 227 | 428.9 | (386.4, 476.0) | ref | 5.59 | (5.28, 5.91) | ref | 2002 | (1820, 2201) | ref |
| 20– 29 years | 734 | 358.1 | (339.3, 378.0) | < 0.01 | 5.29 | (5.17, 5.41) | 1586 | (1503, 1673) | < 0.01 | |
| ≥ 30 years | 341 | 367.0 | (336.4, 400.5) | < 0.05 | 5.36 | (5.16, 5.56) | 1688 | (1571, 1814) | < 0.01 | |
| Medicaid | ||||||||||
| No (ref) | 565 | 354.0 | (333.1, 376.2) | ref | 5.46 | (5.32, 5.61) | ref | 1702 | (1609, 1802) | ref |
| Yes | 737 | 387.9 | (365.6, 411.6) | < 0.05 | 5.24 | (5.11, 5.38) | < 0.05 | 1637 | (1550, 1730) | |
| Education | ||||||||||
| Grade < 12 | 296 | 449.5 | (414.6, 487.3) | < 0.01 | 5.32 | (5.11, 5.54) | 1704 | (1550, 1874) | ||
| Grade = 12 (ref) | 367 | 347.1 | (317.8, 379.1) | ref | 5.39 | (5.20, 5.60) | ref | 1631 | (1513, 1757) | ref |
| Grade > 12 | 639 | 357.5 | (337.5, 378.8) | 5.34 | (5.21, 5.48) | 1678 | (1590, 1771) | |||
| Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index | ||||||||||
| Underweight | 59 | 555.4 | (470.8, 655.2) | < 0.01 | 5.33 | (4.78, 5.94) | 1939 | (1604, 2345) | ||
| Normal (ref) | 581 | 412.6 | (387.3, 439.7) | ref | 5.57 | (5.42, 5.72) | ref | 1884 | (1782, 1993) | ref |
| Overweight | 290 | 378.0 | (347.3, 411.3) | 5.43 | (5.25, 5.62) | 1633 | (1513, 1764) | < 0.01 | ||
| Obese | 372 | 283.4 | (263.8, 304.4) | < 0.01 | 4.93 | (4.75, 5.12) | < 0.01 | 1347 | (1245, 1458) | < 0.01 |
| Smoking | ||||||||||
| Didn't smoke during pregnancy (ref) | 933 | 350.2 | (333.7, 367.5) | ref | 5.41 | (5.30, 5.53) | ref | 1700 | (1623, 1781) | ref |
| Stopped smoking before enrollment | 125 | 317.6 | (275.2, 366.5) | 5.47 | (5.14, 5.83) | 1618 | (1420, 1844) | |||
| < Half pack/ day | 167 | 507.3 | (451.8, 569.7) | < 0.01 | 5.17 | (4.98, 5.38) | < 0.05 | 1628 | (1451, 1826) | |
| ≥ Half pack/ day | 77 | 509.4 | (437.6, 593.0) | < 0.01 | 4.83 | (4.40, 5.30) | < 0.05 | 1493 | (1277, 1745) | |
| Race | ||||||||||
| Whites/ others (ref) | 766 | 348.9 | (330.9, 367.9) | ref | 5.31 | (5.18, 5.43) | ref | 1591 | (1514, 1673) | ref |
| African Americans | 536 | 444.2 | (419.6, 470.2) | < 0.01 | 5.50 | (5.36, 5.64) | < 0.05 | 1936 | (1839, 2038) | < 0.01 |
CI = Confidence Interval
a
Least square means of the log biomarker value, back transformed to normal scale
b
Ref denotes referent category for comparisons