Table 3.
Unadjusted least squares mean concentrations of angiogenic markers by maternal and pregnancy characteristics – Normal pregnancy sample (N = 668)
| Placental Growth Factor (PlGF) |
Soluble Endoglin (sEng) |
Soluble Fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase-1 (sFlt-1) |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Meana | 95% CI | Pb | Meana | 95% CI | Pb | Meana | 95% CI | Pb | |
| Gestational Age at Enrollment | ||||||||||
| 15– 19.9 weeks (ref) | 102 | 239.5 | (212.0, 270.5) | ref | 5.23 | (4.93, 5.54) | ref | 1663 | (1440, 1920) | ref |
| 20– 24.9 weeks | 482 | 388.0 | (366.2, 411.1) | < 0.01 | 5.25 | (5.12, 5.38) | 1691 | (1602, 1786) | ||
| 25– 27.9 weeks | 84 | 565.2 | (505.4, 632.0) | < 0.01 | 5.55 | (5.23, 5.88) | 1605 | (1409, 1827) | ||
| Parity | ||||||||||
| Primiparous (ref) | 256 | 399.8 | (368.1, 434.3) | ref | 5.48 | (5.30, 5.68) | ref | 1969 | (1840, 2106) | ref |
| Multiparous | 412 | 368.3 | (344.8, 393.3) | 5.16 | (5.02, 5.31) | < 0.01 | 1517 | (1425, 1614) | < 0.01 | |
| Maternal Age at Enrollment | ||||||||||
| <20 years (ref) | 113 | 465.4 | (407.2, 532.0) | ref | 5.41 | (5.08, 5.75) | ref | 2155 | (1945, 2388) | ref |
| 20– 29 years | 401 | 362.9 | (340.1, 387.2) | < 0.01 | 5.27 | (5.13, 5.41) | 1584 | (1486, 1689) | < 0.01 | |
| ≥ 30 years | 154 | 380.7 | (342.9, 422.7) | < 0.05 | 5.26 | (5.02, 5.51) | 1677 | (1539, 1827) | < 0.01 | |
| Medicaid | ||||||||||
| No (ref) | 286 | 365.9 | (340.7, 393.0) | ref | 5.39 | (5.23, 5.55) | ref | 1672 | (1564, 1788) | ref |
| Yes | 382 | 396.3 | (367.8, 427.1) | 5.17 | (5.01, 5.33) | 1680 | (1571, 1797) | |||
| Education | ||||||||||
| Grade < 12 | 154 | 461.3 | (416.2, 511.4) | < 0.01 | 5.22 | (4.98, 5.46) | 1869 | (1678, 2082) | ||
| Grade = 12 (ref) | 184 | 348.4 | (312.2, 388.8) | ref | 5.35 | (5.12, 5.59) | ref | 1623 | (1474, 1788) | ref |
| Grade > 12 | 330 | 372.2 | (347.7, 398.5) | 5.27 | (5.12, 5.43) | 1644 | (1543, 1751) | |||
| Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index | ||||||||||
| Underweight | 25 | 560.3 | (442.9, 708.9) | < 0.05 | 5.63 | (4.94, 6.43) | 1985 | (1560, 2525) | ||
| Normal (ref) | 295 | 427.3 | (396.1, 460.8) | ref | 5.53 | (5.36, 5.71) | ref | 1912 | (1789, 2043) | ref |
| Overweight | 163 | 380.8 | (345.9, 419.2) | 5.30 | (5.09, 5.51) | 1582 | (1443, 1734) | < 0.01 | ||
| Obese | 185 | 289.0 | (263.5, 317.0) | < 0.01 | 4.79 | (4.60, 4.99) | < 0.01 | 1352 | (1232, 1485) | < 0.01 |
| Smoking | ||||||||||
| Didn't smoke during pregnancy (ref) | 494 | 362.4 | (341.8, 384.1) | ref | 5.34 | (5.21, 5.48) | ref | 1661 | (1571, 1756) | ref |
| Stopped smoking before enrollment | 55 | 334.1 | (274.7, 406.5) | 5.31 | (4.91, 5.75) | 1583 | (1337, 1875) | |||
| < Half pack/ day | 84 | 527.0 | (452.3, 613.9) | < 0.01 | 5.07 | (4.85, 5.30) | < 0.05 | 1866 | (1652, 2109) | |
| ≥ Half pack/ day | 35 | 491.3 | (420.8, 573.7) | < 0.01 | 4.91 | (4.45, 5.41) | 1714 | (1435, 2049) | ||
| Race | ||||||||||
| Whites/ others (ref) | 363 | 356.8 | (334.9, 380.1) | ref | 5.25 | (5.12, 5.40) | ref | 1599 | (1508, 1694) | ref |
| African Americans | 305 | 467.5 | (435.1, 502.4) | < 0.01 | 5.38 | (5.22, 5.55) | 1958 | (1830, 2095) | < 0.01 | |
CI = Confidence Interval
a
Least square means of the log biomarker value, back transformed to normal scale
b
Ref denotes referent category for comparisons