Table 4.
Adjusted least squares mean concentrations of angiogenic markers by maternal and pregnancy characteristics – Total pregnancy sample (N= 1302)
| Placental Growth Factor (PlGF) |
Soluble Endoglin (sEng) |
Soluble Fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase-1 (sFlt-1) |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Mean a | 95% CI | Pb | Mean a | 95% CI | Pb | Mean a | 95% CI | Pb | |
| Gestational Age at Enrollment | ||||||||||
| 15– 19.9 weeks (ref) | 211 | 288.5 | (261.5, 318.1) | ref | 5.41 | (5.09, 5.75) | ref | 1902 | (1698, 2132) | ref |
| 20– 24.9 weeks | 915 | 491.6 | (457.3, 528.4) | < 0.01 | 5.31 | (5.09, 5.53) | 1829 | (1695, 1973) | ||
| 25– 27.9 weeks | 176 | 710.9 | (641.5, 787.9) | < 0.01 | 5.79 | (5.44, 6.17) | 1816 | (1599, 2062) | ||
| Parity | ||||||||||
| Primiparous (ref) | 543 | 463.5 | (427.8, 502.2) | ref | 5.68 | (5.43, 5.95) | ref | 2060 | (1872, 2267) | ref |
| Multiparous | 759 | 467.3 | (430.5, 507.2) | 5.32 | (5.05, 5.60) | < 0.01 | 1659 | (1521, 1810) | < 0.01 | |
| Maternal Age at Enrollment | ||||||||||
| <20 years (ref) | 227 | 465.0 | (412.2, 524.6) | ref | 5.53 | (5.14, 5.96) | ref | 1939 | (1716, 2191) | ref |
| 20– 29 years | 734 | 450.0 | (417.7, 484.8) | 5.45 | (5.20, 5.70) | 1737 | (1601, 1885) | |||
| ≥ 30 years | 341 | 481.8 | (434.8, 533.8) | 5.52 | (5.22, 5.84) | 1876 | (1675, 2102) | |||
| Medicaid | ||||||||||
| No (ref) | 565 | 459.3 | (419.7, 502.7) | ref | 5.61 | (5.30, 5.93) | ref | 1887 | (1711, 2080) | ref |
| Yes | 737 | 471.6 | (437.2, 508.8) | 5.40 | (5.16, 5.65) | 1812 | (1653, 1985) | |||
| Education | ||||||||||
| Grade < 12 | 296 | 484.4 | (440.0, 533.3) | 5.47 | (5.18, 5.78) | 1757 | (1577, 1958) | |||
| Grade = 12 (ref) | 367 | 444.5 | (404.7, 488.2) | ref | 5.62 | (5.32, 5.94) | ref | 1916 | (1732, 2120) | ref |
| Grade > 12 | 639 | 468.2 | (427.8, 512.4) | 5.41 | (5.11, 5.73) | 1876 | (1687, 2087) | |||
| Pre–pregnancy Body Mass Index | ||||||||||
| Underweight | 59 | 609.3 | (516.6, 718.5) | < 0.05 | 5.46 | (4.88, 6.11) | 2032 | (1672, 2470) | ||
| Normal (ref) | 581 | 499.9 | (464.8, 537.7) | ref | 5.74 | (5.49, 5.99) | ref | 2064 | (1900, 2242) | ref |
| Overweight | 290 | 454.1 | (412.8, 499.5) | < 0.05 | 5.67 | (5.41, 5.94) | 1854 | (1689, 2035) | < 0.05 | |
| Obese | 372 | 339.3 | (312.4, 368.5) | < 0.01 | 5.16 | (4.91, 5.41) | < 0.01 | 1502 | (1363, 1655) | < 0.01 |
| Smoking | ||||||||||
| Didn't smoke during pregnancy (ref) | 933 | 387.2 | (363.4, 412.6) | ref | 5.61 | (5.42, 5.81) | ref | 1861 | (1735, 1996) | ref |
| Stopped smoking before enrollment | 125 | 352.7 | (312.0, 398.8) | 5.70 | (5.31, 6.11) | 1808 | (1578, 2071) | |||
| < Half pack/ day | 167 | 551.5 | (493.1, 616.7) | < 0.01 | 5.42 | (5.16, 5.69) | 1835 | (1625, 2071) | ||
| ≥ Half pack/ day | 77 | 623.0 | (533.6, 727.4) | < 0.01 | 5.29 | (4.78, 5.84) | 1893 | (1586, 2259) | ||
| Race | ||||||||||
| Whites/ others (ref) | 766 | 405.8 | (376.7, 437.0) | ref | 5.33 | (5.08, 5.59) | ref | 1627 | (1489, 1778) | ref |
| African Americans | 536 | 533.9 | (489.3, 582.5) | < 0.01 | 5.67 | (5.39, 5.97) | < 0.01 | 2100 | (1911, 2307) | < 0.01 |
CI= Confidence Interval
a
Least square means of the adjusted log biomarker value, back transformed to normal scale. Least squares means are adjusted for all other covariates listed in the table
b
Ref denotes referent category for comparisons