Table 5.
Adjusted least square mean concentrations of angiogenic markers by maternal and pregnancy characteristics – Normal pregnancy sample (N = 668)
| Placental Growth Factor (PlGF) |
Soluble Endoglin (sEng) |
Soluble Fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase-1 (sFlt-1) |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Meana | 95% CI | Pb | Meana | 95% CI | Pb | Meana | 95% CI | Pb | |
| Gestational Age at Enrollment | ||||||||||
| 15– 19.9 weeks (ref) | 102 | 301.7 | (263.1, 346.0) | ref | 5.35 | (4.95, 5.78) | ref | 2001 | (1729, 2317) | ref |
| 20– 24.9 weeks | 482 | 495.6 | (451.3, 544.3) | < 0.01 | 5.29 | (5.04, 5.56) | 1967 | (1794, 2157) | ||
| 25– 27.9 weeks | 84 | 709.0 | (623.7, 805.9) | < 0.01 | 5.54 | (5.16, 5.94) | 1859 | (1583, 2183) | ||
| Parity | ||||||||||
| Primiparous (ref) | 256 | 474.0 | (425.8, 527.7) | ref | 5.51 | (5.21, 5.82) | ref | 2148 | (1899, 2429) | ref |
| Multiparous | 412 | 472.6 | (424.5, 526.0) | 5.28 | (4.98, 5.60) | 1756 | (1581, 1949) | < 0.01 | ||
| Maternal Age at Enrollment | ||||||||||
| <20 years (ref) | 113 | 493.3 | (419.5, 580.0) | ref | 5.42 | (5.00, 5.88) | ref | 2109 | (1820, 2443) | ref |
| 20– 29 years | 401 | 448.6 | (406.8, 494.7) | 5.40 | (5.10, 5.72) | 1787 | (1608, 1985) | < 0.05 | ||
| ≥ 30 years | 154 | 479.1 | (418.5, 548.4) | 5.36 | (5.01, 5.73) | 1943 | (1685, 2240) | |||
| Medicaid | ||||||||||
| No (ref) | 286 | 462.5 | (412.9, 518.1) | ref | 5.49 | (5.15, 5.85) | ref | 1965 | (1732, 2230) | ref |
| Yes | 382 | 484.3 | (436.3, 537.6) | 5.30 | (5.03, 5.59) | 1918 | (1717, 2144) | |||
| Education | ||||||||||
| Grade < 12 | 154 | 486.4 | (427.8, 553.0) | 5.32 | (4.97, 5.69) | 1896 | (1664, 2161) | |||
| Grade = 12 (ref) | 184 | 452.2 | (399.1, 512.5) | ref | 5.57 | (5.22, 5.95) | ref | 2005 | (1755, 2291) | ref |
| Grade > 12 | 330 | 482.0 | (429.0, 541.5) | 5.30 | (4.96, 5.66) | 1925 | (1690, 2193) | |||
| Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index | ||||||||||
| Underweight | 25 | 606.2 | (478.2, 768.4) | 5.65 | (4.91, 6.49) | 2115 | (1669, 2681) | |||
| Normal (ref) | 295 | 523.0 | (475.6, 575.1) | ref | 5.63 | (5.35, 5.94) | ref | 2232 | (2012, 2477) | ref |
| Overweight | 163 | 457.9 | (407.3, 514.9) | < 0.05 | 5.43 | (5.14, 5.74) | 1905 | (1693, 2145) | < 0.01 | |
| Obese | 185 | 345.6 | (311.0, 384.2) | < 0.01 | 4.90 | (4.66, 5.16) | < 0.01 | 1580 | (1396, 1788) | < 0.01 |
| Smoking | ||||||||||
| Didn't smoke during pregnancy (ref) | 494 | 404.3 | (371.2, 440.5) | ref | 5.51 | (5.27, 5.75) | ref | 1829 | (1676, 1996) | ref |
| Stopped smoking before enrollment | 55 | 360.1 | (301.0, 430.8) | 5.49 | (5.03, 6.00) | 1785 | (1503, 2120) | |||
| < Half pack/ day | 84 | 564.9 | (487.6, 654.3) | < 0.01 | 5.24 | (4.95, 5.55) | 2002 | (1721, 2329) | ||
| ≥ Half pack/ day | 35 | 610.1 | (510.2, 729.6) | < 0.01 | 5.34 | (4.79, 5.95) | 2175 | (1777, 2661) | ||
| Race | ||||||||||
| Whites/ others (ref) | 363 | 409.2 | (369.5, 453.2) | ref | 5.25 | (4.97, 5.55) | ref | 1723 | (1544, 1921) | ref |
| African Americans | 305 | 547.4 | (489.9, 611.7) | < 0.01 | 5.54 | (5.22, 5.87) | < 0.05 | 2189 | (1943, 2466) | < 0.01 |
CI= Confidence Interval
a
Least square means of the adjusted log biomarker value, back transformed to normal scale. Least squares means are adjusted for all other covariates listed in the table
b
Ref denotes referent category for comparisons