Table 4.
Cohen's d effect sizes for pairwise comparisonsa
| Total | Introduction | Initiating Events | Attempts/Actions | Ending | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FXS-O vs. FXS-ASD b | 0.21 | 0.26 | 0.14 | 0.11 | -0.02 |
| FXS-O vs. DS | 0.17 | -0.17 | 0.31 | -0.40 | 0.18 |
| FXS-O vs. TD | -0.52 | -0.24 | -0.26 | -0.93 | -0.18 |
| FXS-ASD vs. DS | -0.05 | -0.43 | 0.17 | -0.49 | 0.19 |
| FXS-ASD vs. TD | -0.68 | -0.49 | -0.41 | -1.02 | -0.15 |
| TD vs. DS | -0.67 | -0.08 | -0.61 | -0.52 | -0.34 |
a
As a guideline for interpretation, Cohen (1988) proposed to define an effect size d = .2 as small, d = .5 as medium, and d = .8 as large.
b
FXS-O = Fragile X syndrome only, FXS-ASD = fragile X syndrome with autism spectrum disorder, DS = Down syndrome, TD = typically developing.