Table 5.
Correlates of liver disease, chronic hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus by multivariate (proportional hazards) analyses. Adult/adolescent spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus-related diseases project, 11 U.S. metropolitan areas; 1998-2004
|
Proportional hazards ratio1-an estimate of relative risk (95% CI) |
|||
| Characteristic | Liver disease | Chronic HBV | HCV |
| Male gender | 1.2 (1.0-1.5) | 1.7 (1.4-2.0) | 1.3 (1.1-1.4) |
| White non-hispanic | 1.9 (1.6-2.3) | 1.0 (0.9-1.1) | 1.3 (1.1-1.4) |
| Hispanic | 2.2 (1.8-2.7) | 0.7 (0.6-0.8) | 1.4 (1.3-1.4) |
| Asian/pacific islander non-hispanic | 2.3 (1.1-5.0) | 1.0 (0.5-1.8) | 1.0 (0.6-1.7) |
| Native American non-Hispanic | 3.1 (1.5-6.3) | 0.3 (0.1-1.3) | 1.4 (0.9-2.1) |
| Each increase in decade of age relative to those 13-29 yr | 1.4 (1.3-1.5) | 1.0 (1.9-1.1) | 1.3 (1.2-1.3) |
| MSM | 0.9 (0.7-1.1) | 1.4 (1.2-1.7) | 0.7 (0.7-0.8) |
| IDU | 2.2 (1.8-2.6) | 1.2 (1.1-1.4) | 4.7 (4.4-5.1) |
| Hemophiliac | 2.6 (1.0-6.5) | 0.9 (0.3-2.8) | 7.0 (4.8-10.2) |
| HAART | 1.0 (0.8-1.2) | 0.1 (0.1-0.2) | 0.4 (0.4-0.4) |
| CD4 < 200 cells/microliter | 1.8 (1.2-2.6) | 3.9 (2.9-5.2) | 1.6 (1.4-1.9) |
| CD4 200-499 cells/microliter | 1.0 (0.7-1.5) | 2.0 (1.5-2.7) | 1.3 (1.1-1.5) |
| Alcohol use/problem drinking | 1.4 (1.1-1.6) | 0.7 (0.6-0.8) | 1.1 (1.0-1.2) |
| Chronic HBV | 1.4 (1.1-1.7) | N/A | 1.3 (1.1-1.4) |
| HCV | 1.6 (1.3-1.9) | 1.6 (1.4-1.8) | N/A |
1
Adjusted for each factor in the model plus intensity of health services utilization (number outpatient visits in a grouped linear variable) and study entry year. HAART: Highly active antiretroviral; CD4: CD4+ lymphocyte; N/A indicates not applicable; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; MSM: Male-male sex; IDU: Injection drug use.