Table 1.

Clinical and Demographic Measures of Subjects

	Bipolar disorder group (BD: n = 20)		Healthy control group (HC: n = 20)
Descriptor	Mean	Standard deviation	Mean	Standard deviation	Group differences p
Age	14.6	2.8	14.1	2.8	0.59
Gender, % male	80	—	80	—	Equal
Socioeconomic status	4.2	0.8	4.5	0.7
Race
African American	1	—	0	—
Hispanic	1	—	2	—
Asian	0	—	3	—
White	18	—	15	—
IQ	109.5	11.4	115.7	9.3	0.65
Handedness,% right	95	—	95	—	Equal
Comorbid diagnoses
Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder	17	—	0	—
Anxiety disorder	7	—	0	—
Oppositional defiant disorder	11	—	0	—
Young Mania Rating Scale	15.3	9.2	—	—
Children's Depression Rating Scale	45.8	13.4	—	—
Children's Global Assessment Scale	55.0	7.0	—	—
Past psychotropic medication exposure
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors	16	—	0	—
Atypical antidepressants	10	—	0	—
Lithium	7	—	0	—
Valproate	9	—	0	—
Antipsychotics	10	—	0	—

IQ=intelligence quotient.