Table 3.
Efficacy Outcomes for Academic and Behavioral Measures in Prespecified Rank Order During Double-Blind Laboratory School Study Days: Efficacy Endpoints That Did Not Fulfill Gatekeeper Criteria to Maintain Overall Type I Error at 0.05
| |
Least-squares mean (standard error) |
|
|
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Efficacy measures | Placebo | OROS MPH | Difference | p value | Cohen's effect sizea |
| TOVA Commissions subtest | 86.31 (4.084) | 92.61 (4.011) | −6.30 | 0.1091 | 0.19 |
| Digit Span backward | 5.10 (0.243) | 5.35 (0.243) | 0.25 | 0.2653 | 0.12 |
| Gray Silent Reading Test | 85.49 (2.522) | 91.98 (2.521) | −6.49 | 0.0038 | 0.31 |
| Test of Handwriting Skills, Revised | 93.56 (2.541) | 98.31 (2.541) | −4.75 | 0.0001 | 0.22 |
| Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills ORF | 106.15 (4.179) | 111.91 (4.179) | −5.76 | 0.0092 | 0.16 |
| Digit Span forward (subtest of WISC) | 9.24 (0.213) | 9.25 (0.213) | −0.02 | 0.9195 | 0.01 |
| TOVA Omissions subtest | 24.58 (13.08) | 64.13 (12.896) | −39.55 | 0.0002 | 0.37 |
| Homework tasks | |||||
| Grammar task | 0.24 (0.023) | 0.33 (0.023) | −0.08 | 0.0002 | 0.45 |
| Short story with questions for comprehension | 0.61 (0.031) | 0.63 (0.031) | −0.02 | 0.4625 | 0.08 |
| Identify root word | 0.74 (0.037) | 0.76 (0.3054) | −0.02 | 0.6262 | 0.06 |
| Alphabetize list of words | 0.67 (0.042) | 0.67 (0.041) | 0.00 | 0.9980 | 0.00 |
| Identify multiple meanings for words | 0.69 (0.036) | 0.80 (0.035) | −0.10 | 0.0151 | 0.35 |
| Complete sentences using words from list provided | 0.65 (0.037) | 0.74 (0.037) | −0.09 | 0.0043 | 0.030 |
| Word search | 0.94 (0.019) | 0.98 (.019) | −0.04 | 0.0371 | 0.28 |
| Decode a mystery sentence | 0.96 (0.016) | 0.99 (0.015) | −0.03 | 0.0965 | 0.27 |
a
Based on least-squares mean difference.
ORF = Oral Reading Fluency; WISC = Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children.