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. 2011 Apr 4;108(16):6561–6566. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1008942108

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4.

TLR4 signaling potentiates the effect of transmissible ER stress on macrophages. Macrophages were cultured in either conditioned medium of ER-stressed TC1 cells (TC1 Tg c.m.) or control TC1 cells (TC1 Veh c.m.), with or without LPS (100 ng/mL), culture medium containing LPS or thapsigargin (Tg, 300 nM), or culture medium alone (Unstim) for 6 h. Macrophages cultured in medium containing Tg (300 nM) plus LPS serve as a positive control. (A) RNA was isolated from macrophages and analyzed by RT-qPCR for UPR activation and proinflammatory cytokine gene transcription. Columns indicate fold increase in transcript level (RQ) of each treatment group. LPS-treated control was set arbitrarily to 1. Error bars represent SEM of two to four biological replicates. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001, unpaired, two-tailed t test. u, Unspliced; s, spliced. (B) Supernatants from macrophages in A were analyzed by Multiplex cytometric bead array for presence of IL-6 and IL-23. n.d., Not detectable. ***P < 0.001, unpaired, two-tailed t test.