Table 2.

Preclinical and clinical studies targeting specific molecules in OS metastasis

	Steps of metastasis	Target	Drug	References
		Preclinical
I	Migration and Invasion	Notch		[41, 50]
II	(a) Anoikis resistance
	(b) Apoptosis resistance	Preclinical
		Wnt		[46, 52]
		Src		[18]
		Clincial
		Src
			Dasatinib	[60]
				www.clinicaltrials.gov/NCT00752206
III	Evasion of immune system	Preclinical
		Fas
			IL12	[36, 56, 62]
			IL18	[63]
			Gemcitabine	[55]
		Clinical
		Fas
			Liposomal MTP-PE	[64]
			IFN-α	[61, 66]
IV	Arrest and extravasation	Preclinical
		CXCR4		[22]
		CXCR3		[10]
V	Adherence	Preclinical
		Ezrin		[21, 25, 45, 70]
VI	Dormancy
VII	Proliferation and angiogenesis	Preclinical
		Endostatin		[83]
		IGF-1R		[79, 84]
		Clinical
		IGF-1R
			OncoLar	[78]
			R1507	www.clinicaltrials.gov/NCT00642941
			SCH717454	www.clinicaltrials.gov/NCT00617890