Table 1.
Clinical and neuropsychological characteristics at baseline in CBTp + SC and SC control groups.
| CBTp + SC (n = 25) |
SC control (n = 18) |
F or Z† | Statistic | df | p | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Mean | S.D. | N | Mean | S.D. | |||||
| Characteristic | ||||||||||
| Gender (number of males/females) | 25 | 17/8 | 18 | 15/3 | ||||||
| Age | 25 | 36.08 | 8.02 | 18 | 39.72 | 10.49 | F | 1.688 | 1,41 | 0.204 |
| Years in education | 25 | 14.04 | 2.91 | 18 | 13.28 | 1.93 | Z | 0.696 | 1,41 | 0.487 |
| Duration of illness | 25 | 11.73 | 7.89 | 18 | 14.50 | 12.10 | Z | 0.444 | 1,41 | 0.657 |
| Age of onset | 25 | 24.36 | 8.01 | 18 | 25.22 | 8.24 | F | 0.188 | 1,41 | 0.733 |
| Medication dosage— CPZ equivalent | 25 | 526.15 | 385.78 | 18 | 459.65 | 336.47 | F | 0.345 | 1,41 | 0.560 |
| PANSS symptoms at baseline | ||||||||||
| Positive | 25 | 17.96 | 4.74 | 18 | 18.33 | 3.45 | F | 0.081 | 1,41 | 0.778 |
| Negative | 25 | 17.84 | 4.36 | 18 | 19.05 | 3.89 | F | 0.888 | 1,41 | 0.352 |
| General psychopathology | 25 | 32.72 | 7.21 | 18 | 35.50 | 4.19 | F | 2.146 | 1,41 | 0.151 |
| Total | 25 | 68.52 | 13.53 | 18 | 72.89 | 9.01 | F | 1.417 | 1,41 | 0.241 |
| BDI | 24 | 15.75 | 8.29 | 18 | 16.44 | 10.18 | F | 0.059 | 1,40 | 0.809 |
| BAI | 25 | 14.16 | 10.81 | 18 | 20.06 | 12.20 | F | 2.795 | 1,41 | 0.102 |
| Rosenberg self-esteem | 25 | 23.88 | 6.24 | 17 | 23.18 | 5.68 | F | 0.138 | 1,40 | 0.712 |
| BCI self-reflectiveness | 25 | 16.28 | 5.81 | 18 | 13.44 | 5.40 | F | 2.643 | 1,41 | 0.112 |
| BCI self-certainty | 25 | 5.84 | 3.58 | 18 | 8.44 | 3.60 | F | 5.514 | 1,41 | 0.024 |
| BCI composite | 25 | 10.44 | 7.17 | 18 | 5.00 | 7.04 | F | 6.122 | 1,41 | 0.018 |
| SAI total | 24 | 13.18 | 5.88 | 17 | 10.61 | 5.24 | F | 4.767 | 1,39 | 0.035 |
| Birchwood insight total | 25 | 9.68 | 2.14 | 18 | 5.17 | 2.12 | Z | 1.796 | 1,41 | 0.072 |
| COPE total | 21 | 73.86 | 28.15 | 16 | 82.87 | 29.75 | F | 0.888 | 1,35 | 0.353 |
| Neuropsychological domain | ||||||||||
| General intelligence | 25 | 41.13 | 12.31 | 18 | 32.75 | 14.88 | F | 4.074 | 1,41 | 0.050 |
| Executive function | 25 | 38.63 | 19.60 | 18 | 31.45 | 10.86 | F | 1.968 | 1,41 | 0.168 |
| Working memory | 25 | 42.21 | 12.55 | 18 | 39.49 | 8.19 | Z | 0.496 | 1,41 | 0.620 |
| Immediate verbal learning and memory | 25 | 36.12 | 9.18 | 18 | 35.98 | 8.78 | F | 0.003 | 1,41 | 0.959 |
| Attention | 25 | 42.54 | 8.48 | 18 | 37.91 | 6.75 | F | 3.681 | 1,41 | 0.062 |
| Verbal skills | 25 | 44.01 | 8.64 | 18 | 37.40 | 5.75 | Z | 2.511 | 1,41 | 0.012 |
| Cognitive inhibition | 25 | 46.03 | 11.99 | 18 | 42.04 | 13.95 | F | 1.014 | 1,41 | 0.320 |
| Emotional decision-making | 25 | 45.82 | 13.08 | 18 | 44.11 | 8.73 | Z | < 0.001 | 1,41 | 1.000 |
Values in bold: significant difference between patient groups at p ≤ 0.05; †Mann–Whitney U test (Z statistic) performed for variables with significant variance heterogeneity between groups.