. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Apr 1.

Published in final edited form as: Horm Behav. 2011 Feb 17;59(4):512–519. doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2011.01.013

Table 2.

Behavioral changes by season after injection with saline or ghrelin

Treatment	Inactivity	N.S. Activity	Feeding	Grooming	Nesting	Drinking
Saline
Summer (n=4)	6971 ± 6971 (92%) ^a	65.75 ± 65.75 (0.9%) ^f	37.5 ± 37.5 (0.5%) ⁱ	118 ± 118 (1.6%) ^k	7.5 ± 7.5 (0.1%) ^m	0 ± 0 (0%) ^o
Autumn (n=3)	5281.3 ± 615.8 (73%) ^b	1595.7 ± 679.3 (22%) ^f	31.3 ± 31.3 (0.4%) ⁱ	15.7 ± 11.1 (0.2%) ^k	249 ± 78 (3.5%) ^m	27 ± 20.8 (0.4%) ^o
Winter (n=3)	7081 ± 119 (98.4%) ^a	0 ± 0 (0%) ^f	0 ± 0 (0%) ⁱ	0 ± 0 (0%) ^k	119 ± 119 (1.6%) ^m	0 ± 0 (0%) ^o
Spring (n=4)	2955 ± 974 (41%) ^c	3625 ± 833 (50.3%) ^g	34 ± 12.5 (0.5%) ⁱ	416 ± 187 (5.8%) ^k	142.75 ± 49.7 (2%) ^m	27 ± 16.3 (0.4%) ^o
Ghrelin
Summer (n=4)	4818 ± 4818 (66.9%) ^de	1726 ± 1726 (24%) ^h	153.5 ± 153.5 (21%) ^j	386.25 ± 386.25 (5.4%) ^l	89 ± 89 (1.2%) ⁿ	26.5 ± 26.5 (0.4%) ^p
Autumn (n=3)	4498 ± 1064.5 (62.5%) ^de	1292 ± 598 (17.9%) ^h	228 ± 164.1 (3.2%) ^j	327.7 ± 316.2 (4.5%) ^l	845.3 ± 249.1^* (11.7%) ⁿ	9 ± 5.2 (0.1%) ^p
Winter (n=3)	6325.7 ± 94^* (87.9%) ^d	161 ± 161 (2.2%) ^h	14.7 ± 7.3^* (0.2%) ^j	0 ± 0 (0%) ^l	698.7 ± 179^* (9.7%) ⁿ	0 ± 0 (0%) ^p
Spring (n=4)	2613.25 ± 890 (36.3%) ^e	3593.5 ± 748^* (49.9%) ^h	230.5 ± 88.3^* (3.2%) ^j	413.25 ± 150 (5.7%) ^l	301.5 ± 109.2 (4.2%) ⁿ	48 ± 19.8 (0.7%) ^p

N.S. Activity = non-specific activity. Mean time (in seconds) per group ± SEM (percent of total time in parentheses calculated out of 7200 seconds (2 hours) post injection).

ghrelin different from saline (same season, same activity). Numbers with differing letters (eg. a,b,c) indicate significant difference between seasons within an activity and treatment type. All differences are considered significant at p ≤ 0.05