Fig. 6.

Three pathways for de novo glutamate synthesis in RBCs. Rates (μM h⁻¹) indicate NMR, MS and literature values for transport kinetics, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, glutamine aminohydrolase, and glutathione biosynthesis. Abbreviations: Pyr pyruvate, αKG α-ketoglutarate, Oaa oxaloacetate, amino acids are represented by their three letter codes. ^*Data from the current study; ^†data from (Griffith 1981); ^‡data from (Niihara et al. 1997); ^§data from (Fincham et al. 1987; Maede et al. 1983). Because of rapid kinetics of the aminotransferase reactions, alanine and α-ketoglutarate transport rates were assumed to be equivalent to the overall rates at which intact cells consumed these compounds