Table 1.

Rates of glucose, lactate, alanine, pyruvate and glutamate metabolism observed in intact RBCs

Metabolite(s) added	Observed rates of biosynthesis from the labeled substrate (μmol mL−1 RBC h−1)a
	Glucose	Lactate	Alanine	Pyruvate	Glutamate	α-Ketoglutarate
[U–13C6] glucose	−0.78 ± 0.03	1.89 ± 0.01	0.02 ± 0.001	0.01 ± 0.002	n.o.b	n.o.b
[13C1,2,3,4] α-ketoglutarate, glucose, alanine	−0.80 ± 0.01c	1.35 ± 0.02c	−0.11 ± 0.07c	0.57 ± 0.04c	0.17 ± 0.01c	−0.16 ± 0.06c
[U13C-15N] glutamine, glucose	−0.91 ± 0.03	2.13 ± 0.04	n.o.b	n.o.b	0.004 ± 0.001	n.o.b

^aMeans and S.E.M. for n = 3

^bn.o. = not observed

^c21 h time point was excluded in the rate calculation