Table 3.

Frequency of smoking and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use by acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding aetiology

	Smoker		Non-smoker		NSAIDs user		Not a user
Cause	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Peptic ulcera, b	82	47.4	262	34.7	47	52.2	297	35.4
Varices	21	12.1	256	33.9	0	0.0	277	33.1
Refluxc	13	7.5	78	10.3	15	16.7	76	9.1
Erosion	27	15.6	79	10.5	13	14.4	93	11.1
Gastritis and duodenitis	9	5.2	47	6.2	5	5.6	51	6.1
Others	0	0.0	11	1.5	1	1.1	10	1.2
No cause identified	21	12.1	22	2.9	9	10.0	34	4.1
Total (n)	173		755		90		838

^aSignificantly more frequent amongst smokers (p < 0.002).

^bSignificantly more frequent amongst NSAIDs users (p < 0.002).

^cSignificantly more frequent amongst NSAIDs users (p < 0.02).