Table 1.
MANCOVA Results Comparing Study Groups For Time 1 and Time 2 Volumes (Mean, Standard Deviation) of Brain Regions of Interest
| Brain Regions |
Time 1 |
Time 2 |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Controls | Siblings | VCFS | Controls | Siblings | VCFS | |
| Total Tissue € | ||||||
| WBV | 1364.4 (130.5) | 1425.8 (169.8) | 1335.1 (120.0) | 1362.8 (111.4) | 1424.0 (161.9) | 1336.9 (126.4) |
| DLPFC | 60.3 (12.9) | 65.7 (12.8) | 62.3 (10.2) | 60.7 (13.9) | 65.0 (12.7) | 61.5 (9.8) |
| DMPFC | 62.9 (9.2) | 66.8 (11.4) | 64.5 (9.8) | 56.9 (7.6) | 61.3 (9.0) | 59.6 (9.3) |
| OLPFC | 16.9 (5.6) | 16.8 (7.5) | 14.1 (6.1) | 19.3 (6.9)** | 16.1 (4.8) | 14.2 (6.1) |
| OMPFC | 25.5 (6.9) | 25.2 (7.4) | 24.8 (7.1) | 24.5 (5.0) | 23.2 (5.2) | 23.1 (6.4) |
| Amygdala | 4.0 (0.9)** | 4.2 (0.6)** | 4.5 (0.8) | 4.1 (1.1) | 4.2 (0.9) | 4.4 (0.9) |
| Hippocampus | 6.1 (0.6) | 6.1 (0.6) | 5.6 (0.8) | 6.3 (1.0) | 6.5 (1.1) | 6.0 (1.0) |
| Cerebellum | 138.2 (12.6)** | 143.6 (18.8)** | 126.2 (13.5) | 141.8 (10.6)** | 151.5 (17.0)** | 130.6 (12.8) |
| Gray Matter £ | ||||||
| Cranial Gray | 732.0 (76.1) | 766.6 (104.2)** | 707.5 (63.2) | 730.5 (69.6) | 745.8 (85.6) | 703.5 (72.2) |
| Frontal | 228.6 (25.2)** | 238.4 (32.4)** | 230.7 (20.5) | 223.5 (31.0) | 231.0 (28.2) | 223.3 (23.1) |
| Parietal | 154.4 (15.4) | 157.7 (24.7) | 144.9 (15.2) | 149.5 (14.8) | 149.4 (21.7) | 138.3 (16.7) |
| Temporal | 138.8 (18.4) | 147.6 (22.4) | 135.4 (14.4) | 136.9 (25.4) | 144.4 (17.8) | 137.8 (17.8) |
| Occipital | 73.8 (11.5)** | 77.1 (14.6) | 66.6 (8.2) | 77.7 (18.0) | 73.6 (11.2) | 70.0 (18.9) |
| STG Gray | 24.3 (2.7) | 25.2 (3.4) | 23.7 (3.0) | 22.6 (3.1) | 23.3 (2.6) | 22.4 (3.0) |
| White Matte ℓ | ||||||
| Cranial White | 511.2 (74.6) | 537.4 (74.4) | 497.4 (64.5) | 523.3 (75.6) | 550.9 (76.6) | 514.0 (73.6) |
| Frontal | 166.0 (24.8)** | 173.6 (27.2)** | 174.5 (21.8) | 165.4 (26.8)** | 175.2 (27.8)** | 174.6 (24.4) |
| DLPFC | 7.8 (3.4) | 9.9 (4.4) | 8.6 (3.4) | 9.1 (5.0) | 9.7 (3.8) | 8.3 (2.9) |
| Parietal | 123.8 (17.0) | 128.6 (19.4) | 116.5 (15.9) | 124.5 (15.7) | 133.1 (20.2) | 119.9 (16.5) |
| Temporal | 69.0 (12.5) | 75.0 (14.2)* | 65.9 (9.1) | 69.7 (20.0) | 76.8 (12.7) | 70.7 (14.6) |
| Occipital | 52.9 (10.0)** | 54.5 (10.1) | 47.5 (7.7) | 58.5 (18.6) | 57.0 (8.6) | 53.4 (18.8) |
| STG White | 10.5 (1.9) | 11.5 (1.7) | 10.1 (1.8) | 11.7 (1.9) | 12.3 (2.2)* | 10.9 (1.7) |
| Cerebral Spinal Fluid | ||||||
| Lateral Ventricles | 3.8 (4.8) | 3.6 (2.6) | 8.4 (7.7) | 3.7 (4.4) | 3.4 (2.3) | 7.7 (7.5) |
p ≤ .006;
0061 < p ≤ .01;
all p - values are reported in relation to the VCFS sample
MANCOVA conducted for these variables (whole brain volume entered as covariate). Time 1 Wilks Lambda [df: 1,2,107] = .52; p < .001; et = .28; Time 2 Wilks Lamda [df: 1,2,107] = .50; p < .001; eta2 = .29.
MANCOVA conducted for these variables (cranial gray matter entered as covariate). Time 1 Wilks Lambda [df: 1,2,103] = .70; p < .001; eta2=.17; Time 2 Wilks Lamda [df: 1,2,102] = .71; p = < .001; eta2 = .16.
MANCOVA conducted for these variables (cranial white matter entered as covariate). Time 1 Wilks Lambda [df: 1,2,103] = .52; p < .001; eta2 = .28; Time 2 Wilks Lamda [df: 1,2,102] = .62; p < .001; eta2 = .22.
Abbreviations: WBV: Whole Brain Volume; DLPFC: Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex; DMPFC: Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex; OLPFC: Orbitolateral Prefrontal Cortex; OMPFC: Orbitomedial Prefrontal Cortex; STG: Superior Temporal Gyrus