Table 1.
Characteristics of patients with and without type 1 cardio-renal syndrome within 48 to 72 hours of admission
| Characteristic | Total (n = 119) | With Type 1 Cardio-Renal Syndrome (n = 14) | Without Type 1 Cardio-Renal Syndrome (n = 105) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 75 (12) | 77 (14) | 75 (12) | 0.60 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 57 (47.9) | 4 (28.6) | 53 (50.5) | 0.16 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 31 (26.1) | 5 (35.7) | 26 (24.8) | 0.52 |
| Ischemic etiology, n (%) | 62 (52.1) | 3 (21.4) | 59 (56.7) | 0.02 |
| Ejection fraction, median (IQR) | 35 (26 to 45) | 40 (24 to 45) | 35 (26 to 45) | 0.81 |
| Preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, n (%) | 38 (32.2) | 4 (28.6) | 34 (32.7) | 1.0 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg), mean (SD) | 124 (28) | 133 (41) | 122 (26) | 0.37 |
| Heart rate (beats/min), mean (SD) | 86 (21) | 88 (19) | 85 (21) | 0.63 |
| Diuretics, n (%) | 106 (89.1) | 14 (100) | 92 (87.6) | 0.35 |
| Loop diuretic dose (first 24 hours) (mg), median (IQR) | 80 (60 to 100) | 80 (60 to 120) | 80 (60 to 100) | 0.24 |
| ACE inhibitors, n (%) | 82 (68.9) | 10 (71.4) | 72 (68.6) | 1.0 |
| Beta-blockers, n (%) | 60 (50.4) | 4 (28.6) | 56 (53.3) | 0.10 |
| Admission creatinine (mg/dl), median (SD) | 1.37 (1.10 to 1.85) | 1.46 (1.27 to 2.48) | 1.33 (1.09 to 1.81) | 0.14 |
| Admission estimated GFR < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2, n (%) | 88 (73.9) | 12 (85.7) | 76 (72.4) | 0.35 |
| Admission BNP (pg/ml), median, (IQR) | 1510 (718 to 2637) | 1656 (715 to 3506) | 1510 (724 to 2630) | 0.75 |
| Granulocyte count (per mm3), median (IQR) | 5880 (4200 to 7765) | 7260 (5635 to 11872) | 5730 (4108 to 7630) | 0.03 |
| NGAL (ng/ml), median (IQR) | 91 (61 to 166) | 212 (189 to 307) | 83 (60 to 136) | <0.001 |
| Cystatin C (mg/L), median (IQR) | 1.54 (1.11 to 1.93) | 1.78 (1.50 to 2.83) | 1.49 (1.08 to 1.90) | 0.04 |
| Hospital stay, median (IQR) | 9 (8 to 13) | 8 (5 to 13) | 9 (6 to 13) | 0.34 |
| Intrahospital mortality, n (%) | 8 (6.7) | 5 (35.7) | 3 (2.9) | <0.001 |
IQR, interquartile range; ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide.