Table 3.
Coronary Flow Reserve |
Non-smokers | Smokers | p-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | (95% CI) | Mean | (95% CI) | ||
Unadjusted (Base Model) | |||||
2.75 | (2.64, 2.86) | 2.25 | (2.04, 2.46) | <0.001 | |
Adjusted for coronary risk factors and medications* | |||||
2.74 | (2.62, 2.86) | 2.28 | (2.04, 2.53) | <0.001 | |
Further adjusted for presence and severity of perfusion defects† | |||||
2.77 | (2.61, 2.93) | 2.27 | (2.03, 2.50) | <0.001 | |
Further adjusted depression and PTSD‡ | |||||
2.81 | (2.65, 2.97) | 2.22 | (1.98, 2.46) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: CFR: coronary flow reserve
All values presented are least square means (95% confidence interval) derived from mixed models that included a random intercept for pair.
Coronary flow reserve (CFR) is defined as the ratio of MBFhyperemia to MBFrest.
Adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), previous history of coronary heart disease, plasma lipids (high, total, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol); use of aspirin and use of statins.
Adjusted for coronary risk factors, medications, and summed stress score.
Adjusted for coronary risk factors, medications, history of major depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).