Fig. 5.
Anti-apoptotic mechanisms of Akt. Akt has been described to inhibit apoptosis at multiple levels: signaling pathways, transcription factors, and, in the intrinsic pathway of PCD, at pre-mitochondrial, mitochondrial, and post-mitochondrial levels. Detailed mechanisms for some of these pathways are presented in the text. For more complete reviews, see (Datta et al. 1999; Brunet et al. 2001; Downward 2004).