Figure 3. E3 ligase activity of NleL is involved in modulating EHEC pedestal formation.

HeLa cells were infected at a multiplicity of infection of 100 with wild type EHEC, nleL^C753A, or nleL^C753A harboring plasmid expressing wild-type NleL. Cells were infected for 6 hours. (A) Bacteria were visualized by staining with an anti-EHEC LPS antibody (green). Actin was detected with a Texas Red Phalloidin (red). (B) The number of micro-clusters of pedestals on HeLa cells were counted and were grouped into clusters having 1–4 pedestals, 5–10 pedestals and >10 pedestals. Quantitative analysis includes three independent experiments. A minimum of 300 cells were counted from each experiment with standard deviation shown as error bars.