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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Hepatology. 2011 May;53(5):1752–1763. doi: 10.1002/hep.24279

Figure 4. ER stress at the crossroads of cellular and organ pathophysiology.

Figure 4

Perturbations in redox status, steatosis, ROS, inflammation and mitochondrial injury have a complex cause and effect relationship with ER stress. Inter-organellar signaling pathways can be activated by ER stress and/or promote it. The final end point of prolonged or unchecked ER stress is steatosis, apoptosis and inflammation.