Table 1.
Details of each cryoinsult parameter set investigated in the 4 teaching groups and the 1 testing group. A passive thaw indicated that no re-warming was applied, and the femoral head temperature was allowed to recover naturally to 30°C prior to the initiation of the next freeze cycle. Non-passive thawing involved external re-warming to 30°C using a heating wire integrated within the cryoprobe. Replicate specimens in some of the cryoinsult input parameter groups led to a total of 24 emu femoral heads comprising the teaching series (Groups 1-4).
| Temperature | Number of Cycles | Duration of Freeze | Duration of Thaw | Animals Utilized | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | -30°C | 3 | 9 min. | passive | 2 |
| Group 1 (Temperature) |
-10°C | 3 | 9 min. | passive | 2 |
| -20°C | 3 | 9 min. | passive | 2 | |
| -40°C | 3 | 9 min. | passive | 2 | |
| -50°C | 3 | 9 min. | passive | 2 | |
| Group 2 (Cycle Repetition) |
-30°C | 1 | 9 min. | passive | 1 |
| -30°C | 2 | 9 min. | passive | 1 | |
| -30°C | 4 | 9 min. | passive | 1 | |
| -30°C | 5 | 9 min. | passive | 1 | |
| Group 3 (Freeze Duration) |
-30°C | 3 | 5 min. | passive | 2 |
| -30°C | 3 | 7 min. | passive | 1 | |
| -30°C | 3 | 11 min. | passive | 1 | |
| -30°C | 3 | 13 min. | passive | 1 | |
| Group 4 (Thaw Duration) |
-30°C | 3 | 9 min. | 1 min. | 1 |
| -30°C | 3 | 9 min. | 2 min. | 1 | |
| -30°C | 3 | 9 min. | 3 min. | 1 | |
| -30°C | 3 | 9 min. | 4 min. | 1 | |
| -30°C | 3 | 9 min. | 5 min. | 1 | |
| Group 5 (Testing Series) |
-50°C | 1 | 13 min. | passive | 1 |
| -30°C | 4 | 9 min. | 3 min. | 1 | |
| -50°C | 5 | 13 min. | 5 min. | 1 | |
| -40°C | 3 | 9 min. | passive | 1 |