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Characteristics of normal morphology spermatozoa with MSOME. Standard measurements of length (4.5–4.9 μm) and width (3.1–3.5 μm) of the sperm head are shown. The midpiece should also have a standard length of between 4.0–5.0 μm. The size of vacuoles is calculated as percentage of the area of the sperm head. Measurements are based on ref 9
