Extent of formation of active metabolites represented as total amount of active metabolite recovered in perfusate, liver, and bile as a percentage of the initial amount of prodrug added to the perfusate reservoir from isolated perfused rat liver experiments (A; mean ± S.D., n = 5 livers) and total amount of active metabolite recovered in medium, cells, and bile as a percentage of the initial amount of prodrug added to the culture medium from sandwich-cultured rat hepatocyte experiments (B; mean ± S.D., n = 2 livers in duplicate). *, p < 0.05 versus furamidine (two-tailed Student's t test).