Table 1. Comparison of Neurocognitive Measures.
| Pedophilia | Opiate Addiction | Healthy controls | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Statistics | Simple Contrast | |
| Cognitive Flexibility and Set Switching | |||||
| Wisconsin Card Sort Test | n=22 | n=20 | n=22 | Wilk's λ (8,108) = 0.87, p =0.433 | |
| WCST total correct | 76.23 ± 9.1 | 75.05 ± 9.3 | 68.59 ± 9.5 | F (3,60) = 4.92, p = 0.004c | C < P,b OAa |
| WCST total errors | 27.32 ± 17.1 | 29.00 ± 17.4 | 20.19 ± 18.9 | F (3,60) = 1.46, p = 0.234 | |
| WCST percent errors | 24.64 ± 11.3 | 26.90 ± 12.5 | 20.38 ± 13.2 | F (3,60) = 1.99, p = 0.125 | |
| WCST perseverative responses | 12.95 ± 8.1 | 15.29 ± 10.4 | 12.10 ± 12.9 | F (3,60) = 0.49, p = 0.694 | |
| Trail Making Test (TRAIL) | n=49 | n=19 | n=49 | ||
| TRAIL Part B | 89.31 ± 41.0 | 89.58 ± 52.4 | 86.51 ± 57.5 | F (3,113) = 3.27, p = 0.024b | |
| Sustained Attention | |||||
| STROOP Color Word Test | n=47 | n=50 | n=80 | Wilk's λ (8,310) = 0.903, p = 0.042b | |
| STROOP Word | 90.66 ± 22.6 | 87.86 ± 16.5 | 97.66 ± 15.2 | F (3,161) = 7.12, p < 0.001d | |
| STROOP Color | 66.30 ± 16.6 | 67.50 ± 11.8 | 69.23 ± 12.4 | F (3,161) = 2.28, p = 0.082a | |
| STROOP Color-Word | 35.92 ± 11.1 | 35.78 ± 9.6 | 43.05 ± 10.5 | F (3,161) = 10.78, p < 0.001d | C > P,b OAa |
| STROOP Interference | -1.03 ± 10.0 | -2.16 ± 8.4 | 3.24 ± 9.0 | F (3,161) = 4.56, p = 0.004c | C > OAb |
| Trail Making Test (TRAIL) | n=50 | n=21 | n=49 | ||
| TRAIL Part A | 37.82 ± 18.7 | 33.71 ± 10.4 | 32.22 ± 13.7 | F (3,115) = 4.13, p = 0.008c | |
| Verbal Fluency | |||||
| Controlled Oral Word Association (COWA) | n=49 | n=49 | n=70 | Wilk's λ (4,316) =0.982, p=0.570 | |
| COWA total correct | 36.43 ± 10.7 | 34.78 ± 11.3 | 39.29 ± 10.3 | F (3,162) = 4.55, p = 0.004c | |
| COWA total errors | 2.59 ± 4.7 | 2.12 ± 2.0 | 1.56 ± 1.7 | F (3,162) = 1.01, p = 0.391 | |
| Impulsivity | |||||
| Matching Familiar Figure Test (MFFT) | n=24 | n=23 | n=24 | Wilk's λ (8,124) =0.816, p=0.115 | |
| MFFT-1 average time to first response | 19.35 ± 12.9 | 12.77 ± 8.3 | 14.21 ± 7.6 | F (3,68) = 2.29, p = 0.087 a | P > C,b OAa |
| MFFT-1 average number of responses | 1.61 ± 0.6 | 1.65 ± 0.6 | 1.31 ± 0.3 | F (3,68) = 4.23, p = 0.009c | |
| MFFT-2 average time to first response | 41.55 ± 28.6 | 26.21 ± 24.2 | 28.79 ± 17.7 | F (3,68) = 2.71, p = 0.053b | P > C,b OAc |
| MFFT-2 average number of responses | 2.11 ± 0.6 | 2.30 ± 0.7 | 1.98 ± 0.6 | F(.,68) = 2.71, p = 0.070a | |
| Porteus Mazes (PM) | n=24 | n=15 | n=11 | Wilk's λ (4,82) = 0.423,p = 0.008c | |
| PM max correct | 15.46 ± 2.3 | 17.00 ± 0.0 | 17.00 ± 0.0 | F (3,47) = 3.90, p = 0.015b | P < C,b OAc |
| PM deductions | 1.29 ± 1.1 | 3.03 ± 1.6 | 1.36 ± 1.1 | F (3,47) = 3.46, p = 0.024b | OA > C,b Pc |
| PM test age | 14.13 ± 2.4 | 13.97 ± 2.6 | 15.64 ± 1.1 | F (3,47) = 1.13, p = 0.349 | |
| PM total qualitative score | 21.42 ± 22.4 | 28.07 ± 16.1 | 15.55 ± 23.0 | F (3,47) = 1.04, p = 0.385 | |
Note for Table 1:
a
p ≤ 0.10,
b
p ≤ 0.05,
c
p ≤ 0.01,
d
p ≤ 0.001
P: subjects with pedophilia; OA: subjects with opiate addiction; C: normal controls; SD: standard deviation