Table 4.

In vitro epidermal and endodermal lineage differentiation potential: Highlights from the literature

Lineage	Inductive factors	Adipose-derived MSCs	Bone marrow-derived MSCs
Epithelial	all trans retinoic acid	[112]	[204]
B-Islet	nicotinamide, activin, extendin, pentagastrin, hepatocyte growth factor	[117]	[118, 119]
Hepatocyte	hepatocyte growth factor, oncostatin M, fibroblast growth factor 2, nicotinamide	[114, 116, 205] non-human [206]	[113, 207, 208]
Neuronal/glial	antioxidants, indomethacin, insulin, isobutylmethylxanthine	[92, 93, 94, 95, 128, 209]	[210, 211, 212]