Table 2.
Risk factors for cardiovascular disease by gender-specific quintiles of measured glomerular filtration rate
| Quintile 1 | Quintile 2 | Quintile 3 | Quintile 4 | Quintile 5 | P for Linear Trend | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GFR range (ml/min per 1.73 m2) | Female | <77.2 | 77.2–84.5 | 84.5–91.2 | 91.2–98.9 | <98.9 | |
| Male | <84.6 | 84.6–92.0 | 92.0–99.1 | 99.1–106.9 | <106.9 | ||
| Agea mean (95% CI) | Female | 59.4 (58.8 to 60.0) | 58.7 (58.1 to 59.3) | 58.3 (57.7 to 58.8) | 57.5 (56.9 to 58.1) | 56.7 (56.1 to 57.2) | <0.0001 |
| Male | 58.8 (58.2 to 59.4) | 58.4 (57.8 to 58.9) | 57.8 (57.2 to 58.4) | 57.8 (57.2 to 58.4) | 57.4 (56.9 to 58.0) | <0.0001 | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2b mean (95% CI) | Female | 27.3 (26.6 to 27.9) | 27.1 (26.5 to 27.8) | 26.5 (25.9 to 27.2) | 26.5 (25.8 to 27.1) | 26.5 (25.8 to 27.1) | 0.04 |
| Male | 27.7 (27.2 to 28.2) | 27.4 (26.8 to 27.9) | 28.4 (27.9 to 28.9) | 27.5 (27.0 to 28.0) | 28.2 (27.6 to 28.7) | 0.21 | |
| Systolic BP,b mmHg mean (95% CI) | Female | 125.5 (122.9 to 128.1) | 125.3 (122.8 to 127.9) | 125.4 (122.8 to 127.9) | 125.9 (123.4 to 128.5) | 124.9 (122.3 to 127.5) | 0.88 |
| Male | 135.4 (132.9 to 138.0) | 135.8 (133.2 to 138.4) | 133.9 (131.3 to 136.4) | 131.7 (129.1 to 134.3) | 133.4 (130.9 to 136.0) | 0.05 | |
| Diastolic BP,b mmHg mean (95% CI) | Female | 81.7 (80.3 to 83.2) | 80.9 (79.5 to 82.3) | 80.8 (79.4 to 82.2) | 80.2 (78.7 to 81.6) | 80.2 (78.7 to 81.6) | 0.09 |
| Male | 87.5 (86.0 to 88.9) | 87.5 (86.0 to 88.9) | 86.0 (84.5 to 87.4) | 85.1 (83.7 to 86.6) | 85.1 (83.7 to 86.6) | 0.003 | |
| Total cholesterol,c mmol/L mean (95% CI) | Female | 5.73 (5.58 to 5.87) | 5.71 (5.57 to 5.85) | 5.60 (5.46 to 5.74) | 5.75 (5.61 to 5.89) | 5.72 (5.57 to 5.86) | 0.94 |
| Male | 5.50 (5.35 to 5.64) | 5.71 (5.57 to 5.86) | 5.56 (5.41 to 5.70) | 5.62 (5.47 to 5.76) | 5.54 (5.40 to 5.69) | 1.00 | |
| HDL cholesterol,c mmol/L mean (95% CI) | Female | 1.67 (1.61 to 1.74) | 1.71 (1.64 to 1.77) | 1.70 (1.64 to 1.76) | 1.65 (1.59 to 1.71) | 1.64 (1.58 to 1.71) | 0.27 |
| Male | 1.33 (1.27 to 1.39) | 1.42 (1.37 to 1.48) | 1.39 (1.33 to 1.44) | 1.40 (1.34 to 1.45) | 1.40 (1.34 to 1.45) | 0.27 | |
| LDL cholesterol,c mmol/L mean (95% CI) | Female | 3.67 (3.54 to 3.81) | 3.62 (3.48 to 3.75) | 3.52 (3.39 to 3.65) | 3.70 (3.56 to 3.83) | 3.66 (3.53 to 3.80) | 0.78 |
| Male | 3.68 (3.55 to 3.80) | 3.81 (3.68 to 3.94) | 3.66 (3.53 to 3.79) | 3.74 (3.62 to 3.87) | 3.64 (3.51 to 3.77) | 0.54 | |
| Triglycerides,c mmol/L mean (95% CI) | Female | 1.14 (1.05 to 1.22) | 1.04 (0.96 to 1.13) | 1.01 (0.93 to 1.09) | 1.11 (1.03 to 1.20) | 1.16 (1.07 to 1.24) | 0.43 |
| Male | 1.32 (1.21 to 1.44) | 1.27 (1.16 to 1.39) | 1.41 (1.29 to 1.52) | 1.25 (1.13 to 1.36) | 1.31 (1.19 to 1.42) | 0.75 | |
| Current smokers,b % mean (95% CI) | Female | 17.4 (14.5 to 20.2) | 19.9 (16.9 to 23.0) | 22.6 (19.4 to 25.9) | 22.9 (19.6 to 26.1) | 31.6 (27.8 to 35.5) | 0.09 |
| Male | 20.1 (17.0 to 23.2) | 11.2 (8.9 to 13.6) | 18.4 (15.4 to 21.4) | 20.6 (17.5 to 23.7) | 27.4 (23.8 to 31.0) | 0.22 | |
| Physically active,b % mean (95% CI) | Female | 45.2 (40.6 to 49.8) | 44.5 (40.0 to 49.1) | 50.1 (45.3 to 54.9) | 48.7 (43.9 to 53.4) | 44.1 (39.6 to 48.7) | 0.47 |
| Male | 45.5 (40.8 to 50.2) | 42.1 (37.6 to 46.5) | 42.7 (38.2 to 47.3) | 42.0 (37.5 to 46.5) | 27.4 (23.8 to 31.1) | 0.20 | |
| First degree relative with CVD,b % mean (95% CI) | Female | 70.8 (65.1 to 76.6) | 70.4 (64.7 to 76.1) | 62.8 (57.4 to 68.2) | 67.9 (62.3 to 73.5) | 68.0 (62.4 to 73.7) | 0.35 |
| Male | 68.7 (63.0 to 74.4) | 66.5 (60.9 to 72.2) | 67.5 (61.8 to 73.1) | 56.1 (50.9 to 61.2) | 69.0 (63.3 to 74.8) | 0.06 | |
| First degree relative with MI > 60 years,b % mean (95% CI) | Female | 24.6 (21.2 to 28.0) | 21.2 (18.1 to 24.3) | 15.7 (13.0 to 18.4) | 20.7 (17.6 to 23.8) | 21.8 (18.6 to 25.0) | 0.29 |
| Male | 19.9 (16.8 to 23.0) | 17.3 (14.4 to 20.2) | 20.1 (17.0 to 23.2) | 19.6 (16.5 to 22.6) | 18.3 (15.4 to 21.3) | 0.94 |
CI, confidence intervals.
aAdjusted for current use of angiotensin ezyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers.
bAdjusted for age and current use of angiotensin enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers.
cAdjusted for age and current use of angiotensin enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and lipid-lowering medication.