Table 2.

Association between preoperative statin use and outcomes

	No. of Patients with Event (Statin Use)		No. of Events per 10,000 Patients (Statin Use)		Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval)
	No	Yes	No	Yes	Unadjusted	Adjusteda
Acute kidney injury	2355	1665	162	245	1.53 (1.43, 1.63)	0.84 (0.78, 0.90)
Acute dialysis	681	492	47	72	1.55 (1.38, 1.74)	0.83 (0.72, 0.95)
Death	4448	1526	306	225	0.73 (0.69, 0.77)	0.79 (0.74, 0.85)

A total of 67,941 patients were taking a statin before surgery, and 145,406 were not.

^aAdjusted for age (per year), gender, rural location, the number of distinct drug products in the preceding year (≤5, 6 to 10, 11 to 15, 16 to 20, 21 to 26, >26), socioeconomic status (quintiles of neighborhood income), cerebrovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use, angiotensin receptor blocker use, β-blocker use, non–potassium-sparing diuretic use, calcium channel blocker use, number of primary care visits in the preceding 3 years (0, 1 to 3, 4 to 10, >10), number of cholesterol tests in the preceding 3 years (0, 1, 2, ≥3), ≥1 cardiac stress test in the preceding 3 years, ≥1 echocardiogram in the preceding 3 years, ≥1 carotid ultrasound in the preceding 3 years, type of surgery (cardiac, thoracic, vascular, abdominal, retroperitoneal), and the year of surgery (per year).