Table 1.
Demographic and military characteristics of 2004-2006 active-duty Millennium Cohort participants by complementary and alternative medicine use (N = 44287)
| No CAM use n = 26982 | Practitioner-assisted CAM* use n = 12717 | Self-administered CAM*† use n = 11996 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) |
| Sex | ‡ | ‡ | |
| Male | 20533 (65.3) | 7786 (24.8) | 7452 (23.7) |
| Female | 6449 (50.2) | 4931 (38.4) | 4544 (35.4) |
| Birth year | ‡ | ‡ | |
| Pre-1960 | 2587 (63.9) | 970 (23.9) | 1011 (25.0) |
| 1960-1969 | 7915 (64.2) | 3114 (25.2) | 2943 (23.9) |
| 1970-1979 | 7823 (60.5) | 3790 (29.3) | 3526 (27.3) |
| 1980 and later | 8657 (57.8) | 4843 (32.3) | 4516 (30.2) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| White, non-Hispanic | 18065 (60.8) | 8517 (28.7) | 8100 (27.3) |
| Black, Non-Hispanic | 3735 (60.7) | 1787 (29.1) | 1668 (27.1) |
| Other | 5177 (61.5) | 2412 (28.7) | 2227 (26.5) |
| Missing data | 5 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) |
| Education level | ‡ | ‡ | |
| High school diploma or less | 17841 (60.4) | 8685 (29.4) | 8317 (28.2) |
| Some college | 3769 (61.6) | 1633 (26.7) | 1605 (26.2) |
| Bachelor's degree | 2871 (61.9) | 1311 (28.3) | 1155 (24.9) |
| Graduate school | 2498 (62.7) | 1086 (27.3) | 918 (23.1) |
| Missing data | 3 (0.0) | 2 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) |
| Marital status | ‡ | ‡ | |
| Never married | 9693 (57.0) | 5542 (32.6) | 5215 (30.7) |
| Married | 16076 (64.1) | 6451 (25.7) | 6095 (24.3) |
| Divorced | 1213 (55.2) | 724 (32.9) | 686 (31.2) |
| Military pay grade | ‡ | ||
| Officer | 3957 (63.1) | 1743 (27.8) | 1386 (22.1) |
| Enlisted | 23025 (60.6) | 10974 (28.9) | 10610 (27.9) |
| Service branch | ‡ | ‡ | |
| Army | 10368 (59.8) | 5056 (29.2) | 4910 (28.3) |
| Navy and Coast Guard | 5877 (59.1) | 2987 (30.1) | 2910 (29.3) |
| Marine Corps | 1733 (59.9) | 918 (31.7) | 745 (25.7) |
| Air Force | 9004 (63.7) | 3756 (26.6) | 3431 (24.3) |
| Military occupation | ‡ | ‡ | |
| Combat specialists | 4955 (62.5) | 2186 (27.6) | 1992 (25.1) |
| Electronic equip. repair | 2802 (64.8) | 1120 (25.9) | 1057 (24.4) |
| Comm/intelligence | 2531 (58.8) | 1346 (31.3) | 1226 (28.5) |
| Health care | 2326 (52.0) | 1573 (35.2) | 1573 (35.2) |
| Other technical/allied | 824 (59.5) | 405 (29.3) | 392 (28.3) |
| Functional support/admin | 4915 (60.0) | 2380 (29.1) | 2266 (27.7) |
| Elec/mech equip. repair | 4685 (64.8) | 1829 (25.3) | 1765 (24.4) |
| Craft workers | 766 (62.8) | 340 (27.9) | 303 (24.9) |
| Service and supply | 2490 (60.9) | 1194 (29.2) | 1123 (27.5) |
| Students, trainees/other | 687 (59.7) | 344 (29.9) | 299 (26.0) |
| Body mass index | ‡ | ‡ | |
| Underweight | 191 (57.7) | 96 (29.0) | 106 (32.0) |
| Healthy weight | 9298 (58.5) | 4922 (31.0) | 4616 (29.0) |
| Overweight | 12417 (62.0) | 5531 (27.6) | 5236 (26.2) |
| Obese | 3298 (61.4) | 1502 (27.9) | 1454 (27.1) |
| Missing data | 1778 (6.6) | 666 (5.2) | 584 (4.9) |
| Smoking status | ‡ | ‡ | |
| Nonsmoker | 14286 (61.5) | 6570 (28.3) | 6099 (26.2) |
| Past smoker | 3465 (61.6) | 1504 (26.7) | 1540 (27.4) |
| Current smoker | 8071 (58.8) | 4238 (30.9) | 3983(29.0) |
| Missing data | 1160 (4.3) | 405 (3.2) | 374 (3.1) |
| Alcohol-related problems§ | ‡ | ‡ | |
| No | 24567 (61.7) | 10490 (26.3) | 10529 (26.4) |
| Yes | 2415 (54.1) | 1472 (33.0) | 1467 (32.9) |
| Health conditions|| | ‡ | ‡ | |
| No | 16784 (60.9) | 6332 (23.0) | 5810 (21.1) |
| Yes | 10198 (60.9) | 6385 (38.1) | 6186 (37.0) |
| Health symptoms|| | ‡ | ‡ | |
| No | 12345 (60.9) | 3696 (18.2) | 3517 (17.3) |
| Yes | 14637 (61.0) | 9021 (37.6) | 8479 (35.3) |
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |
| Mental Component Summary ¶ | 51.7 (9.4) | 50.3 (10.2) | 49.7 (10.6) |
| Physical Component Summary ¶ | 53.8 (7.2) | 51.1 (8.8) | 51.6 (8.7) |
*Practitioner-assisted complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies include acupuncture, biofeedback, chiropractic care, energy healing, folk remedies, hypnosis, and massage.
*†Self-administered CAM therapies include herbal therapy, high-dose megavitamin therapy, homeopathy, relaxation, and spiritual healing.
†Practitioner-assisted and self-administered CAM therapy categories are not mutually exclusive.
‡p < 0.05.
§Alcohol-related problems were defined by endorsement of any of the following that occurred more than once during the past year: (a) you drank alcohol even after a doctor suggested stopping due to health problems; (b) you drank alcohol, were high from alcohol, or were hung over while you were working, going to school, or taking care of children or other responsibilities; (c) you missed or were late for work, school, or other activities because you were drinking or hung over; (d) you had a problem getting along with people while you were drinking; and (e) you drove a car after having several drinks or after drinking too much.
||No none reported, Yes one or more reported.
¶Mental and Physical Component Summary scores have been transformed using norm-based algorithms (mean = 50, standard deviation = 10).