TABLE 1.
Baseline demographic variables and substance use by treatment condition
| CBT4CBT, n = 35 |
TAU, n = 38 |
Total, n = 73 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | n | % | n | % | n | % | χ 2 | df | p |
| Number (%) female | 15 | 42.9 | 16 | 42.1 | 31 | 42.5 | 0.00 | 1 | .95 |
| Ethnicity | |||||||||
| African American | 18 | 46.2 | 17 | 44.7 | 35 | 45.5 | 1.02 | 3 | .80 |
| European American | 10 | 28.6 | 15 | 39.5 | 25 | 34.2 | |||
| Latin American | 5 | 14.3 | 4 | 10.5 | 9 | 12.3 | |||
| Native American | 2 | 5.7 | 2 | 5.3 | 4 | 5.5 | |||
| Married or in stable relationship | 9 | 25.7 | 7 | 18.4 | 16 | 21.9 | 0.57 | 1 | .45 |
| Employed, full or part time | 7 | 20.0 | 10 | 26.3 | 17 | 23.3 | 0.41 | 1 | .52 |
| Completed high school education | 25 | 71.4 | 30 | 78.9 | 55 | 75.4 | 0.55 | 1 | .46 |
| Primary substance use problem | |||||||||
| Cocaine | 20 | 57.1 | 23 | 60.5 | 43 | 58.9 | 2.32 | 3 | .51 |
| Alcohol | 8 | 22.9 | 5 | 13.2 | 13 | 17.8 | |||
| Marijuana | 3 | 8.6 | 2 | 5.3 | 5 | 6.8 | |||
| Opioids | 4 | 11.4 | 8 | 21.1 | 12 | 16.4 | |||
| On probation or parole | 11 | 31.4 | 16 | 42.1 | 27 | 37.0 | 0.89 | 1 | .35 |
| DSM-IV diagnoses, from SCID interviews | |||||||||
| Lifetime alcohol abuse or dependence | 30 | 85.7 | 28 | 73.7 | 58 | 79.4 | 1.62 | 1 | .20 |
| Current alcohol dependence | 15 | 42.9 | 14 | 36.8 | 29 | 39.7 | 0.28 | 1 | .60 |
| Lifetime cocaine abuse or dependence | 28 | 80.0 | 35 | 92.1 | 63 | 86.3 | 2.26 | 1 | .13 |
| Current cocaine dependence | 19 | 54.3 | 26 | 68.4 | 45 | 61.6 | 1.54 | 1 | .22 |
| Lifetime marijuana abuse or Dependence | 29 | 82.8 | 30 | 78.9 | 59 | 80.8 | 0.18 | 1 | .67 |
| Current marijuana dependence | 4 | 11.4 | 4 | 10.5 | 8 | 11.0 | 0.02 | 1 | .90 |
| Lifetime opioid abuse or dependence | 13 | 37.2 | 21 | 55.3 | 34 | 46.6 | 2.40 | 1 | .12 |
| Current opioid dependence | 7 | 20.0 | 8 | 21.1 | 15 | 20.5 | 0.01 | 1 | .91 |
| Any lifetime depressive disorder | 17 | 48.6 | 13 | 34.2 | 30 | 41.1 | 1.55 | 1 | .21 |
| Any lifetime anxiety disorder | 9 | 25.7 | 10 | 26.3 | 19 | 26.0 | 0.00 | 1 | .99 |
| Antisocial personality disorder | 9 | 25.7 | 6 | 15.8 | 15 | 20.5 | 1.10 | 1 | .29 |
| Continuous variables, mean and SD | F | df | p | ||||||
| Age | 40.6 | 12.0 | 42.5 | 8.4 | 41.6 | 10.2 | 0.68 | 1, 71 | .41 |
| Days any substance use in the past 28 days | 9.6 | 7.8 | 9.9 | 8.4 | 9.7 | 8.1 | 0.03 | 1,71 | .86 |
| Days of alcohol use in the past 28 days | 4.8 | 7.2 | 5.5 | 7.7 | 5.2 | 7.5 | 0.14 | 1,71 | .71 |
| Days of cocaine use in the past 28 days | 3.8 | 5.7 | 6.1 | 8.0 | 5.0 | 7.0 | 1.90 | 1,71 | .17 |
| Days of marijuana use in the past 28 days | 2.7 | 6.6 | 2.4 | 6.1 | 2.5 | 6.3 | 0.05 | 1,71 | .83 |
| Days of opioid use in the past 28 days | 1.3 | 3.8 | 1.2 | 4.6 | 1.3 | 4.2 | 0.01 | 1,71 | .94 |
Note: SCID, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. For substance use variables, participants designated a primary substance (drugs or alcohol) of abuse, but multiple concurrent substance use was common.