Figure 4.

Inhibitory effects of the VK₂ and VK₃ intermediates on LPS-induced production of TNF-α in the mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7. These cells were pretreated with 10 and 50 μM of each compound as a vehicle control (TNF-α level, 52 pg/mL) for 30 min and then treated with 100 ng/mL LPS for 24 h (LPS-evoked TNF-α level, 448 pg/mL). The TNF-α concentration in the cell medium was measured by ELISA. The relative effect in the absence of the compound was taken as 100%. Data are shown as the mean ±SE (n = 4). ** P < 0.01 and * P < 0.05 versus controls.