Table 1.
Incidences, demographic, clinical manifestations, and outcome of TE by study group
| 1992–1994 (N = 110) | 1995–1997 (N = 95) | 1998–2008 (N = 61) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| TE incidence (%) | 14.1 | 9.2 | 4.3* |
| TE incidence density | 5.9 | 2.8 | 1.1* |
| Male (%) | 75.5 | 74.7 | 72.1 |
| Age at TE years M (IQR) | 33.7 (29.8–40.5) | 37.5 (32.4–41.5) | 38.8 (34.3–45.6)* |
| IDU antecedent (%) | 60.0 | 64.2 | 59.0 |
| Years with HIV, M (IQR) | 2.0 (1.0–4.3) | 3.1 (1.5–6.3) | 2.3 (0.6–7.3)** |
| Years HIV-TE, M (IQR) | 1.1 (0.2–2.7) | 2.1 (0.5–4.6) | 0.6 (0.4–3.3)* |
| CD4 + T cell < 200/μL (%) | 87.1 | 87.0 | 89.3 |
| HIV load/mL M (IQR) | – | 305,788 | 143,350 |
| Clinical antecedents at TE diagnosis (%) | |||
| PJP | 13.6 | 17.9 | 6.6 |
| Recurrent pneumonia | 2.7 | 1.1 | 8.2* |
| Kaposi's sarcoma | 1.8 | 3.2 | 1.6 |
| Esophageal candidiasis | 11.8 | 24.2 | 14.8 |
| Wasting syndrome | 9.1 | 16.8 | 16.4 |
| ART previous year (%) | 14.5 | 27.5 | 41.0** |
| HAART previous year (%) | 0 | 8.4 | 34.4** |
| TE prophylaxis (%) | 49.1 | 62.1 | 63.9 |
| One year mortality (%) | 79.1 | 70.5 | 57.4** |
*
P < 0.01.
**
P < 0.05. Incidence density × 100 person-years.
TE = toxoplasmic encephalitis; M (IQR) = median (interquartile rate); IDU = injecting drug use; HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; PJP = Pneumocystic jirovecii pneumonia; ART = antiretroviral therapy; HAART = highly active antiretroviral therapy.