Table 1.

Characteristics of the Participants Used in the Analysis

Characteristic	Controls		Cases
	No.	%	No.	%
Total No.	237		223
Age, years
Median	65		66
Range	28-74		25-74
Sex
Male	158	48	171	52
Female	79	60	52	40
Family history of bladder cancer*
No	224	53	199	47
Yes	7	44	9	56
Smoking history
Never	72	64	40	36
Former	126	53	111	47
Current	39	35	72	65
Tumor stage/grade designation
Carcinoma in situ	—		6	3
Noninvasive low grade (grade 1-2)	—		140	63
Noninvasive high grade (grade 3)	—		17	7
Invasive	—		60	27

^*Data on family history were not available for 13 participants.