Table 3.

Effects of niacin on circulating adipokines

Subjects	Treatment	Effects on circulating adipokines	Ref.
Male sprague-dawley rats	Acute dose of 30 mg/kg niacin (n = 6)	Adiponectin increased by 37% at 10 min, peaked at 1 h and remained elevated for 24 h (P < 0.05). No change in resistin or leptin	[39]
Male New Zealand rabbits on high-cholesterol diet	6 wk of 200 mg/kg per day niacin (n = 6)	Leptin decreased by 22% from 6.87 ± 1.58 to 8.79 ± 1.45 ng/mL (P < 0.05)	[41]
Men with MetSa	6 wk of 1500 mg extended-release niacin	Adiponectin increased by 46% from 5.7 ± 0.5 to 8.4 ± 0.7 μg/mL (P < 0.05)	[104]
Men with MetSa	6 wk of 1500 mg extended-release niacin	Adiponectin increased by 56% from 6.1 ± 2.3 to 10.1 ± 4.0 μg/mL (P < 0.01). Leptin increased by 27% from 19.8 ± 21.4 to 24.6 ± 26.8 ng/mL (P < 0.05). No change in resistin, TNF-α, IL-6	[42]
Men with MetSa	6 wk of 1500 mg extended-release niacin	Low- and medium-molecular weight adiponectin increased by 35% and 33%, respectively, but HMW adiponectin by 88% (all P < 0.05)	[103]
Humans	6 wk of 1500 mg extended-release niacin	Adiponectin increased by 94% from 4.83 ± 2.39 to 9.35 ± 6.06 μg/mL (P < 0.01). No change leptin or resistin	[40]
Humans	4 wk of 1000 mg extended-release niacin	Adiponectin increased by 54% from 4.83 ± 2.39 to 7.45 ± 5.71 μg/mL (P < 0.01). No change in leptin. Resistin decreased by 8.3% from 3.97 ± 2.25 to 3.64 ng/mL (P < 0.05)	[40]
Humans with T2DMb	3 d of 125 mg acipimox every 2 h	Leptin increased by 2.38 ± 0.57 ng/mL (P < 0.005)	[43]

^aMetabolic syndrome;

^bType 2 diabetes mellitus. TNF-α: Tumor necrosis-factor-α; HMW: High-molecular weight; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes; Ref: Reference.