Table 2.
Odds Ratios for Multilevel Models Depicting the Association Between School-Level Variables and Individual Reports of Exposure to Any Bullying
| Models 1 – 31 | Model 42 | Model 53 | Model 64 | Model 75 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bivariate OR (95% CI) | Combined OR (95% CI) | Combined with Demographic Controls OR (95% CI) | Combined with Individual-Level Analogues OR (95% CI) | Combined with Demographic Controls and Individual-Level Analogues OR (95% CI) | |
| School-Level Variables | |||||
| Academic performance | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 1.00 (0.98, 1.01) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) |
| Mental health services | 1.03 (1.01, 1.05)* | 1.03 (1.01, 1.05)* | 1.04 (1.01, 1.06)** | 1.34 (1.31,1.36)* | 1.03 (1.01, 1.06)* |
| School safety | 1.00 (0.99, 1.00) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 1.00 (0.98, 1.01) | 1.00 (0.98, 1.01) | 0.99 (0.98, 1.01) |
| Individual-Level Covariates | |||||
| Gender (female) | — | — | 2.26 (2.05, 2.46)** | — | 2.19 (1.97, 2.41)** |
| Age | — | — | 0.99 (0.91, 1.07)** | — | 0.85 (0.77, 0.94)** |
| Hispanic ethnicity | — | — | 1.04 (0.92, 1.15) | — | 1.03 (0.88, 1.17) |
| Born in U.S. | — | — | 1.59 (1.37, 1.81)** | — | 1.69 (1.45, .92)** |
| Individual-Level Analogues | |||||
| Academic performance | — | — | — | 1.02 (0.80, 1.23) | 1.16 (0.93, 1.38) |
| Mental health services | — | — | — | 2.16 (1.92, 2.39)** | 1.98 (1.73, 2.22)** |
| School safety | — | — | — | 1.52 (1.13, 1.91)* | 1.58 (1.17, 1.98)* |
*
p < 0.05;
**
p < 0.01
1
Models 1 to 3 present three separate bivariate multilevel models that each include one school-level variable.
2
Model 4 is a multilevel model that combines all three school-level variables.
3
Model 5 is a multilevel model that combines all three school-level variables and individual-level demographic controls.
4
Model 6 is a multilevel model that combines all three school-level variables and each of their individual-level analogues.
5
Model 7 is a multilevel model that combines all three school-level variables, each of their individual-level analogues, and individual-level demographic controls.