Figure 2.

Mechanisms of Tax activation of the canonical and noncanonical NF-κB pathways. In the canonical pathway, Tax interacts with TAX1BP1 to disrupt the formation and function of the A20 ubiquitin-editing complex. Ubiquitinated Tax interacts with IKKγ and activates the canonical NF-κB pathway. Tax triggers activation of the noncanonical pathway downstream of NIK by recruiting IKKα to p100 thus stimulating phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and processing to p52.