Table 3.
Predctors of adherence to mammography, colonoscopy and skin exam guidelines in survivors at high risk of breast, colorectal or skin cancer*
| Mammography (N=522 females; Adherent=241) |
Colonoscopy (N=794 males and females; Adherent=91) |
Skin exam (N=4,850 males and females; Adherent=1,290) |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate | Multivariate** | Univariate | Multivariate** | Univariate | Multivariate** | |||||||
| RR | 95% CI | RR | 95% CI |
RR | 95% CI |
RR | 95% CI | RR | 95% CI |
RR | 95% CI | |
| Sex | ||||||||||||
| Female (referent) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| 0.65- | 0.51- | 1.02- | ||||||||||
| Male | N/A | 1.00 | 1.56 | 0.79 | 1.23 | 1.14 | 1.27 | 1.08 | 0.97-1.22 | |||
| Race | ||||||||||||
| White (referent) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| 0.81- | 0.63- | 0.78- | 0.55- | |||||||||
| Non-white | 1.12 | 0.73-1.72 | 1.29 | 2.04 | 1.25 | 2.46 | 1.48 | 2.80 | 0.68 | 0.84 | 0.67 | 0.52-0.86 |
| Age at interview, years | ||||||||||||
| 1.05- | 1.03- | 1.02- | 1.00- | |||||||||
| 1.08 | 1.06-1.10 | 1.08 | 1.11 | 1.06 | 1.10 | 1.07 | 1.12 | 1.01 | 1.02 | 1.01 | 1.00-1.03 | |
| Marital status | ||||||||||||
| Single/widowed/divorced or separated (referent) |
1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| 0.92- | 0.72- | 0.98- | ||||||||||
| Married or living as married | 1.63 | 1.23-2.16 | 1.24 | 1.66 | 1.12 | 1.74 | 1.09 | 1.22 | ||||
| Education | ||||||||||||
| Post high school or some college (referent) |
1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| 0.48- | 0.53- | 0.75- | ||||||||||
| High school or less | 0.70 | 0.46-1.07 | 0.75 | 1.15 | 1.00 | 1.90 | 0.88 | 1.03 | 0.93 | 0.77-1.12 | ||
| 0.73- | 0.64- | 1.13- | ||||||||||
| College or higher | 1.00 | 0.76-1.33 | 0.98 | 1.30 | 1.04 | 1.71 | 1.28 | 1.45 | 1.24 | 1.08-1.42 | ||
| Insurance status | ||||||||||||
| US Insured or Canadian (referent) |
1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| 0.47- | 0.47- | 0.56- | ||||||||||
| US not insured | 0.63 | 0.35-1.16 | 0.88 | 1.64 | 0.97 | 2.01 | 0.67 | 0.82 | 0.85 | 0.69-1.06 | ||
|
Concern about future health
(Expect worse) | ||||||||||||
| False (referent) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| 1.13- | 0.72- | 1.02- | ||||||||||
| True | 1.18 | 0.89-1.57 | 1.78 | 2.80 | 1.15 | 1.83 | 1.15 | 1.30 | 1.07 | 0.92-1.23 | ||
| Chronic disease status | ||||||||||||
| Grade 0, 1, 2 (referent) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| 1.04- | 0.82- | 0.96- | ||||||||||
| Grade 3, 4 | 1.10 | 0.85-1.44 | 1.63 | 2.55 | 1.28 | 2.01 | 1.09 | 1.24 | ||||
| Poor emotional health | ||||||||||||
| No (referent) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| 1.07- | 0.91- | 0.72- | ||||||||||
| Yes | 0.91 | 0.60-1.38 | 1.15 | 1.24 | 1.63 | 2.92 | 0.88 | 1.08 | ||||
| Poor physical function | ||||||||||||
| No (referent) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| 1.01- | 0.53- | 0.75- | ||||||||||
| Yes | 0.83 | 0.56-1.23 | 1.07 | 1.14 | 0.95 | 1.69 | 0.90 | 1.08 | ||||
| Cancer-related pain | ||||||||||||
| None, a small amount (referent) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| 0.79- | 0.70- | 0.62- | ||||||||||
| Moderate, a lot, extreme | 0.79 | 0.51-1.22 | 1.40 | 2.48 | 0.85 | 1.03 | 0.77 | 0.95 | ||||
|
Survivor has cancer treatment
summary | ||||||||||||
| No (referent) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| 1.15- | 1.06- | 1.25- | 1.15- | |||||||||
| Yes | 1.04 | 0.78-1.38 | 1.84 | 2.94 | 1.66 | 2.61 | 1.40 | 1.57 | 1.31 | 1.49 | ||
|
Medical care in last 2 years at cancer
center | ||||||||||||
| No (referent) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| 0.97- | 0.98- | 0.63- | 1.43- | 1.21- | ||||||||
| Yes | 1.51 | 1.12-2.02 | 1.35 | 1.87 | 1.68 | 2.88 | 1.08 | 1.84 | 1.64 | 1.87 | 1.43 | 1.68 |
| Cancer related visit in last 2 years | ||||||||||||
| Yes (referent) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| 0.60- | 0.21- | 0.22- | 0.63- | 0.73- | ||||||||
| No | 0.72 | 0.56-0.93 | 0.79 | 1.05 | 0.33 | 0.53 | 0.37 | 0.62 | 0.70 | 0.78 | 0.84 | 0.96 |
Arelative risks (RR)>1 indicates increased compliance with the recommended surveillance test; a RR<1 indicates decreased compliance
Univariate analysis was performed and all the variables with p-value less than 0.10 were included in the multivariate model. Independent variable collinearity was evaluated by examining variance inflation factors and tolerance. Variables that were highly correlated were not included in the same models. The multivariate analysis of colonoscopy and skin exam is adjusted for sex, race, age at questionnaire and age at diagnosis. The multivariate analysis of mammography (which is restricted to females) is adjusted for race, age at questionnaire and age at diagnosis.