Table 1.

Membrane damage and FFA yields of SD strains for Green Recovery

Strain	Genetic description *	Starting cell density, cfu/mL	Membrane damage,† %/d	Recovered FFA,‡ mg/L	FFA yield, 10-12 mg/cell
SD100	Wild type	3.2 × 109	8.9	16.5 ± 2.5	5.1 ± 0.8
SD200	ΔlipA∷sacB KmR	3.4 × 109	2.5	2.7 ± 1.1	0.8 ± 0.3
SD256	Pcmp∷fol	1.6 × 109	35.1	19.3 ± 1.0	12.4 ± 0.6
		3.9 × 108(1/4) §	94.7	5.5 ± 0.7	14.0 ± 1.8
SD257	Pcmp∷shl	2.9 × 109	33.8	22.7 ± 1.0	7.9 ± 0.4
		7.2 × 108(1/4) §	83.4	5.7 ± 1.2	8.0 ± 1.7
SD237	Pcmp∷fol RBS shl	1.5 × 109	45.2	23.6 ± 1.1	15.7 ± 0.7
		3.8 × 108(1/4) §	91.3	10.6 ± 0.1	28.0 ± 0.4
SD258	Pcmp∷gpl	3.0 × 108	9.4	5.2 ± 0.6	17.4 ± 2.0
SD252	Psbt∷gpl	3.5 × 108	13.5	3.1 ± 1.4	8.8 ± 4.1
SD239	Δslr1609∷PpsbA2 ‘tesA Δ(slr1993-slr1994)∷ PcpcaccBC PrbcaccDA Δsll1951∷*PpsbA2 Uc fatB1 Prbc Ch fatB2 Pcmp∷fol RBS shl	5.8 × 108	56.7	23.6 ± 0.02 ¶	40.7 ± 0.03 ¶
				44.6 ± 2.8 ∥	76.8 ± 4.7 ∥
				21.0 ± 2.8 **	36.1 ± 4.7 **
SD254	Δslr1609∷PpsbA2 ‘tesA Δ(slr1993-slr1994)∷ PcpcaccBC PrbcaccDA Δsll1951∷*PpsbA2 Uc fatB1 Prbc Ch fatB2 Pcmp∷fol RBS shl Psbt∷gpl	7.3 × 108	34.5	45.1 ± 0.4 ¶	61.7 ± 0.5 ¶
				63.6 ± 0.4 ∥	87.2 ± 0.5 ∥
				18.6 ± 0.4 **	25.4 ± 0.5 **
SD262	Δslr1609∷PpsbA2 ‘tesA Δ(slr1993-slr1994)∷ PcpcaccBC PrbcaccDA Δsll1951∷*PpsbA2 Uc fatB1 Prbc Ch fatB2 Pcmp∷fol RBS shl Psbt∷gpl RBS 13 19 15	8.9 × 108	67.3	47.0 ± 0.7 ¶	52.8 ± 0.8 ¶
				73.4 ± 1.4 ∥	82.5 ± 1.5 ∥
				26.5 ± 1.4 **	29.7 ± 1.5 **

^*Detailed genetic information is described in Table S1.

^†Membrane damage was detected by SYTOX staining. The damage rates (percent per day) were estimated from starting time point to the 50% permeable cell time point, when over 99.9% cells were dead. If the permeable cell percentage did not drop to 50%, the damage rates were estimated over the entire experimental period.

^‡Recovered FFAs were extracted by 10 mL hexane from 16-mL cultures after 4 d of CO₂ limitation.

^§The data for 1/16 dilutions were similar to the data for one-fourth dilutions.

^¶The secreted FFAs before CO₂ limitation.

^∥Total FFAs after CO₂ limitation, including secreted FFAs and released FFAs.

^**For combination strains, released FFAs were calculated by subtracting the total amount from the secreted amount.