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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Osteoporos Int. 2010 Oct 9;22(6):1855–1862. doi: 10.1007/s00198-010-1423-y

Table 2.

Multivariable logistic regression: probability of first fracture at hip or wrist in a cohort of older, male, active users of the Veterans Administration Health System, newly diagnosed with chronic obstructive lung disease 1999–2003

Odd ratio 95% CI P value
Age 50–59 years 1.0 (reference)
60–69 years 2.74 2.25–3.34 <0.001
70–79 years 5.01 4.08–6.17 <0.001
80+ years 8.20 6.59–10.20 <0.001
Married (reference not married) 0.86 0.76–0.96 0.011
Race/ethnicity (reference white) Black 0.64 0.50–0.81 <0.001
Hispanic 0.87 0.55–1.37 0.549
Other 0.27 0.18–0.40 <0.001
Annual non-psychiatric hospital daysa 1.00 1.00–1.00 <0.001
Annual COPD exacerbations = 1b 2.13 1.81–2.51 <0.001
Annual COPD exacerbation = 2 or moreb 2.95 2.50–3.48 <0.001
Comorbidities (1 or more diagnosis) Diabetes 0.87 0.75–1.01 0.077
Obesity 0.73 0.57–0.91 0.006
Depression 1.11 0.97–1.26 0.126
Alcohol abuse 1.52 1.21–1.85 <0.001
Osteoarthritis 1.07 0.97–1.18 0.198
Osteoporosis 1.52 1.08–2.12 0.015
Malnutritionc 1.35 0.77–2.34 0.283
Medication used Inhaled corticosteroid 1.20 1.02–1.40 0.025
Systemic corticosteroide 0.92 0.68–1.26 0.619
Proton pump inhibitor 0.80 0.68–0.94 0.009
SSRI 1.32 1.16–1.49 <0.001
Tricyclic antidepressant 1.46 1.14–1.88 0.003
Benzodiazepine 1.18 1.03–1.34 0.017
Anti-Parkinson’s disease 2.03 1.52–2.71 <0.001
Anti-resorptive 1.05 0.80–1.38 0.703
Anticonvulsants 1.50 1.22–1.84 <0.001
Barbiturates 2.79 1.80–4.30 <0.001

COPD exacerbation either a hospitalization for COPD with a primary diagnosis of COPD or respiratory failure or an emergency department or outpatient visit with a COPD diagnosis where a new short-course prescription for either oral corticosteroids or antibiotics was filled within 5 days of the visit

SSRI selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

a

Annual non-psychiatric hospital days includes those in Veterans Administration and Medicare data, odds ratio associated with an increase of one

b

COPD is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Annual COPD exacerbation reference is 0 exacerbations

c

Includes ICD-9 diagnoses for malnutrition and underweight

d

Medication use = two or more prescription dispensing during follow-up

e

Systemic corticosteroids included in a COPD exacerbation event were excluded from systemic steroid prescription count to avoid double counting