Table 1.
Correlations between all variables for IYDS students in Victoria (above the diagonal) and Washington State (below the diagonal)
| Measure | Alcohol use in Grade 9 | Alcohol harms in Grade 9 | Adult-supervised alcohol use in Grade 8 | Positive family management in Grade 7 | Favorable parental attitudes toward alcohol in Grade 7 | Substance use problems in family in Grade 7 | Lifetime alcohol use by Grade 7 |
| Alcohol use in Grade 9 | 1.00 | .68 | .36 | −.27 | .26 | .24 | .51 |
| Alcohol harms in Grade 9 | .79 | 1.00 | .29 | −.30 | .28 | .30 | .43 |
| Adult-supervised alcohol use in Grade 8 | .29 | .22 | 1.00 | −.14 | .23 | .08N.S. | .34 |
| Positive family management in Grade 7 | −.32 | −.34 | −.09 | 1.00 | −.39 | −.15 | −.36 |
| Favorable parental attitudes toward alcohol in Grade 7 | .25 | .18 | .13 | −.28 | 1.00 | .09N.S. | .38 |
| Substance use problems in family in Grade 7 | .32 | .38 | .10 | −.21 | .19 | 1.00 | .20 |
| Lifetime alcohol use by Grade 7 | .53 | .53 | .23 | −.35 | .31 | .37 | 1.00 |
Notes: All coefficients are standardized. All correlations are significant unless otherwise noted. IYDS = International Youth Development Study. N.S. = nonsignificant (p ≥ .05)