Table 2.
Prevalencea of Plasmodium ovale curtisi (Poc) and Plasmodium ovale wallikeri (Pow) among sample sets investigated.
| Site | Region, Country | Number and nature of samples investigated | Total with Plasmodium | Results (potra nested PCR) | Results (porbp2 qPCR) | Ovale infections as proportion of all malaria | Population prevalence of ovale infections |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pointe-Noire 2007 | Congo | 2 clinical cases, ovale by microscopy |
2 Pow | ||||
| Gamboma 2006 | Congo | 2 clinical cases, ovale by microscopy |
2 Pow | ||||
| Brazzaville 2005–6 | Congo | 2 clinical cases, microscopy neg; ovale by PCR |
2 Poc | ||||
| Luba | Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea |
209 survey |
36 by LAMP | 1 Poc 2 Pow |
1 Poc 2 Pow |
8.3% | 1.4% |
| Punta Europa Scariba | Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea |
110 survey |
13 by LAMP | 1 Poc | 1 Poc | 7.7% | 0.9% |
| Apac | Apac District, Uganda |
241 all cause clinic attendees |
89 by microscopy | 5 Poc 1 Pow |
5 Poc 1 Pow |
6.7% | 2.5% |
| Bugoigo | Buliisa District, Uganda |
348 survey |
202b | 1 Poc; 3 Pow |
1 Poc; 3 Pow |
2.0% | 1.1% |
| Walukuba | Buliisa District, Uganda |
312 survey |
155b | 0 Poc; 1 Pow |
0 Poc; 1 Pow |
0.6% | 0.3% |
| Piida | Buliisa District, Uganda |
243 survey |
141b | 0 Poc; 0 Pow |
0 Poc; 0 Pow |
0.0%c | 0.0% c |
| Bugoto | Mayuge District, Uganda |
392 survey |
264b | 1 Poc; 4 Pow |
1 Poc; 4 Pow |
1.9% | 1.3% |
| Bukoba | Mayuge District, Uganda |
369 survey |
279b | 6 Pocd; 10 Powd |
6 Poc; 10 Pow |
5.7% | 4.3% |
| Lwanika | Mayuge District, Uganda |
203 survey |
124b | 3 Poc; 1 Pow |
3 Poc; 1 Pow |
3.2% | 2.0% |
| TOTAL | 2427 (excluding Congo) |
1303 | 18 Poc; 22 Pow |
18 Poc; 22 Pow |
3.1% | 1.6% |
porbp2, gene encoding P. ovale reticulocyte-binding protein 2, qPCR, quantitative PCR; LAMP, loop-activated amplification.
a
As the precise sensitivity of our assays has not been determined, these are minimum estimates of prevalence.
b
Denominator of individuals with parasitaemia determined by real-time PCR.
c
No P. ovale sp. infections identified.
d
For one individual with each species, no result was obtained in the P. ovale sp. tryptophan-rich antigen (potra) assay, but species designation was confirmed by P. ovale glyceraldehyde-3-phosphatase (pog3p) sequence analysis.