Table 4.

Unambiguously optimized morphological characters with a CI of 1.0 supporting alcid clades in the resultant phylogenetic tree (Fig. 15). Character numbers from Appendix 3 are followed by character state symbols (e.g., 23:0 = character number 23, state 0). ‘*’ indicates selected locally optimized apomorphies with a CI of < 1.0.

Clade	Character numbers and states that support monophyly
Pan-Alcidae + Stercorariidae	*63:0; *124:1; *190:1; 315:1; 343:1
Pan-Alcidae	35:0; 38:1; 75:1; 77:1; 162:1
Alcidae (crown clade)	68:1; 153:1; 172:1
Alcinae	49:1; 270:1; 281:1
Alcini	185:1; 237:1; 239:1; 274:1
Fraterculinae	*10:1; *13:0; *52:1; *67:1; *72:1
Fraterculini	29:1; 35:1; 40:1; 63:1; 112:0; 275:1; 286:1; 287:1
Aethiini	11:1; 86:0; 94:1; 201:1
Mancallinae	104:2; 120:1; 139:1; 140:1; 148:1; 150:1; 183:0; 184:1
Mancalla	*130:1; 137:1