Table 2.

Summary of some national guidelines/recommendations concerning antibiotic prophylaxis before invasive dental procedures in patients with joint replacements^a

References	Association	Prophylaxis	Indications
Scott et al. (105)	Australian Orthopaedics	Yes	High-risk dental procedures in immunocompromised patients
ADA/AAOS (9)	ADA/AAOS 2003	Yes	For the first 2 years after joint replacement: all patients for all high-risk dental procedures
			After 2 years: previous infection of artificial joint, inflammatory arthritis, type-1 diabetes, hemophilia, immunosuppression, history of prior or present malignancy, dental extractions, periodontal procedures, dental implantation, root canal work cleaning if bleeding is anticipated, specialized local anesthetic injections, placement of orthodontic bands
AAOS (10)	AAOS 2009	Yes	All patients with total knee or hip arthroplasties are at sufficient risk from bacteremias by dental procedures to require antibiotics considered prior to invasive dental procedures
Simmons et al. (106)	Working Party of British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy	No	No specific mention of higher-risk groups.
			Prophylaxis not recommended
Seymour et al. (97)	British Orthopaedic Association/British Dental Association	Yes	Prophylaxis may be considered in patients with diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, hemophilia, malignancy, overt oral sepsis, or when dental treatment is invasive, complex and of long duration (>45 min)
Rossi et al. (107)	Sweizerische Gesellschaft für Infektiologie	Yes	Implantation of prosthesis last 12 months
			No general recommendation even for immunocompromised
			Individual decision
Blomgren et al. (52, 53)	Svenska Infektionsläkar-föreningen Revision 2008	No	Antibiotic prophylaxis for dental treatment is not recommended in healthy patients with joint prosthesis

^aPartly modified from Ref. (13).