Example decellularization protocols for (A) thin laminates such as pericardium, (B) thicker laminates such as dermis, (C) fatty, amorphous tissues such as adipose, (D) composite tissues or whole simple organs such as trachea, and (E) whole vital organs such as liver. Arrow lengths represent relative exposure times for each processing step. Rinse steps for agent removal and sterilization methods are not shown to simplify comparison. (F) Representative images of the gross appearance of intact rat liver subjected to decellularization: (left to right) before, during, and after decellularization; decellularized liver perfused with blue dye. (G) Representative photomicrographs showing no nuclear staining after whole organ decellularization: (left to right) native rat liver H&E; decellularized liver ECM H&E; native rat liver DAPI; liver-ECM DAPI. Scale bars are 50 μm.