Properties of are derived primarily from experimental data of Serrano et al., [43] and Hering et al., [44]. A, V-dependent steady-states of activation () and inactivation (); experimental data in brackets were extrapolated from the published I–V relationships and normalized to the maximum value. B, superimposed simulated and experimental time-to-peak of at different V stepped from of ; a function for the V-dependent activation time constant is chosen so that the simulated time-to-peak (empty circles) matched the experimental data (solid circle). C, V-dependent inactivation time constant (). D, simulated at voltage steps of to from a of ; E, simulated peak I–V relationship of and experimental I–V data. In both D and E, all data are normalized to the peak current value at .