TABLE 2.
Cognitive, Psychiatric, and Genetic Characteristics
| Variable | African American (N = 203) | Latino (N = 154) | White Non-Hispanic (N = 771) | Total (N = 1128) | Overall p Value | AA vs WNH, p Value | Latino vs WNH, p Value | AA vs Latino, p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants with Alzheimer disease | ||||||||
| AGE of onset (STD) | 73.5 (7.59) | 68.0 (0.09) | 72.4 (8.47) | 72.0 (8.71) | F[2,1114] = 34.5557, p < 0.0001 | β = 0.2070, t[1114] = 0.3006, p = 0.7638 | β = −7.23, t[1114] = −7.9249, p = < 0.0001 | β = 7.441, t[1114] = 7.5480, p < 0.0001 |
| Interval between onset and initial presentation (STD) | 3.1 (2.12) | 3.3 (3.32) | 3.4 (2.29) | 3.3 (2.43) | F[2,1093] = 1.8804, p = 0.1530 | β = −−0.380, t[1093] = −1.9278, p = 0.0541 | β = −0.081, t[1093] = −0.2994, p = 0.7647 | β = −0.299, t[1093] = −1.0347, p = 0.3010 |
| MMSE (STD) | 17.6 (5.16) | 15.1 (5.91) | 20.7 (5.34) | 19.3 (5.76) | F[2,1113] = 10.7667, p < 0.0001 | β = −1.78, t[1113] = −4.3549, p < 0.0001 | β = −1.50, t[1113] = −2.6819, p = 0.0074 | β = −0.284, t[1113] = −0.4738, p = 0.6358 |
| Global cognition index (STD) | −2.8 (0.98) | −3.0 (1.05) | −2.2 (1.04) | −2.4 (1.07) | F[2,1040] = 10.5919, p < 0.0001 | β = −0.373, t[1040] = −4.6011, p < 0.0001 | β = −0.140, t[1040] = −1.1637, p = 0.2448 | β = −0.233, t[1040] = −1.8009, p = 0.0720 |
| DSRS (STD) | 18.0 (9.31) | 19.0 (10.87) | 14.6 (8.03) | 15.8 (8.87) | F[2,1092] = 4.3395, p = 0.0133 | β = 2.042, t[1092] = 2.9460, p = 0.0033 | β = 0.7320, t[1092] = 0.7700, p = 0.4415 | β = 1.310, t[1092] = 1.2798, p = 0.2009 |
| CDR sum of boxes (STD) | 7.4 (3.68) | 7.1 (4.05) | 5.6 (3.31) | 6.1 (3.55) | F[2,679] = 8.1149, p = 0.0003 | β = 1.420, t[679] = 3.8994, p = 0.0001 | β = −0.010, t[679] = −0.0190, p = 0.9848 | β = 1.429, t[679] = 2.6125, p = 0.0092 |
| GDS (STD) | 2.6 (2.89) | 4.1 (2.73) | 2.3 (2.40) | 2.5 (2.59) | F[2,606] = 10.2883, p < 0.0001 | β = 0.3820, t[606] = 1.3329, p = 0.1831 | β = 1.826, t[606] = 4.5327, p < 0.0001 | β = −1.44, t[606] =−3.3534, p = 0.0008 |
| APOE e4 (% yes) | 113 (55.7) | 40 (26.0) | 377 (48.9) | 530 (57.8) | , p < 0.0001 | OR: 1.53, , p = 0.0244 | OR: 0.38, , p = 0.0005 | OR: 3.99, , p < 0.0001 |
| Variable | African American (N = 33) | Latino (N = 44) | White Non-Hispanic (N = 136) | Total (N = 213) | Overall p Value | AA vs WNH, p Value | Latino vs WNH, p Value | AA vs Latino, p Value |
| Participants with no cognitive impairment | ||||||||
| MMSE (STD) | 29.2 (0.87) | 27.4 (1.73) | 29.0 (1.38) | 28.7 (1.53) | F[2,206] = 10.1707, p = 0.0001 | β = 0.3000, t[206] = 1.1078, p = 0.2693 | β = −1.21, t[206] = −3.7792, p = 0.0002 | β = 1.508, t[206] = 4.3619, p < 0.0001 |
| Global cognition index (STD) | 0.0 (0.42) | −0.6 (0.58) | 0.2 (0.64) | 0.0 (0.67) | F[2,203] = 10.4924, p < 0.0001 | β = −0.078, t[203] = −0.7643, p = 0.4456 | β = −0.551, t[203] = −4.5244, p < 0.0001 | β = 0.4730, t[203] = 3.5990, p = 0.0004 |
| DSRS (STD) | 0.4 (1.12) | 1.6 (1.88) | 1.4 (2.06) | 1.3 (1.95) | F[2,148] = 2.7690, p =0.0660 | β = −0.764, t[148] = −1.6638, p = 0.0983 | β = 0.6230, t[148] = 1.1646, p = 0.2460 | β = −1.39, t[148] = −2.2891, p = 0.0235 |
| CDR Sum of boxes (STD) | 0.1 (0.21) | 0.1 (0.34) | 0.3 (1.48) | 0.2 (1.19) | F[2,148] = 1.5337, p = 0.2192 | β = −0.380, t[148] = −1.3612, p = 0.1755 | β = −0.534, t[148] = −1.5286, p = 0.1285 | β = 0.1530, t[148] = 0.4291, p = 0.6685 |
| GDS (STD) | 1.2 (1.75) | 3.6 (3.33) | 1.3 (1.96) | 1.7 (2.44) | F[2,150] = 5.7955, p = 0.0038 | β = −0.089, t[150] = −0.1692, p = 0.8659 | β = 2.007, t[150] = 3.0799, p = 0.0025 | β = −2.10, t[150] = −3.1563, p = 0.0019 |
| APOE e4% (STD) | 10 (30.3%) | 11 (25.0%) | 29 (21.3%) | 50 (28.9%) | , p = 0.2229 | OR: 2.05, , p = 0.1406 | OR: 2.27, , p = 0.1684 | OR:= 0.91, , p = 0.8738 |
Notes. p values are based on logistic regression for categorical variables and linear regression model for continuous variables after adjustment for age, sex, and education.