Table 3.
Logistic Regression Models Estimating Socio-Demographic, Gestational, and Birth Risk Factors of Learning-Related Behavior Problems, with Statistical Controls for Low-Quality Parenting, at 24 Months.
| Not persistent | Not attentive | No interest | Not cooperative | Frustrated | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child age | 0.9 (0.8-0.9)*** | 0.9 (0.8-1.0)** | 0.9 (0.8-1.1) | 1 (0.9-1.0) | 0.9 (0.8-1.1) |
| Male | 1.8 (1.5-2.2)*** | 1.8 (1.5-2.1)*** | 1.7 (1.4-2.0)*** | 1.7 (1.5-2.0)*** | 1.8 (1.5-2.2)*** |
| Lowest Mother's Ed. Quintile | 1.8 (1.2-2.7)** | 2.2 (1.4-3.4)** | 2 (1.1-3.4)* | 2.1 (1.5-3.2)*** | 1.9 (1.0-3.7) |
| Low to Mother's Ed. Quintile | 1.7 (1.1-2.5)* | 1.9 (1.2-2.9)** | 1.9 (1.1-3.2)* | 2 (1.3-3.0)*** | 1.3 (0.7-2.4) |
| Mid Mother's Ed. Quintile | 1.5 (1.0-2.2) | 1.9 (1.2-2.9)** | 1.7 (1.1-2.7)* | 2.1 (1.4-3.1)*** | 1.6 (0.8-3.0) |
| Mid to High Mother's Ed. Quintile | 1.1 (0.7-1.8) | 1.3 (0.8-2.1) | 1.5 (0.9-2.6) | 1.4 (0.9-2.2) | 1.3 (0.6-2.7) |
| Older Mom | 0.8 (0.6-1.0)* | 0.7 (0.6-1.0)* | 1 (0.7-1.4) | 0.9 (0.6-1.2) | 0.9 (0.6-1.2) |
| Mom Not Married | 1.2 (1.0-1.5) | 1 (0.8-1.3) | 1.1 (0.9-1.4) | 1.3 (1.0-1.6)* | 1.1 (0.9-1.4) |
| African American | 1.1 (0.8-1.5) | 1.2 (0.9-1.7) | 1.1 (0.8-1.6) | 1 (0.7-1.3) | 0.8 (0.5-1.1) |
| Korean, Chinese, Indian or Japanese | 1.2 (0.8-1.7) | 1.2 (0.8-1.7) | 1.5 (1.0-2.2) | 1.2 (0.8-1.8) | 0.9 (0.5-1.3) |
| Other Asian | 1.2 (0.7-1.9) | 1.5 (1.0-2.5) | 1.5 (0.9-2.5) | 1 (0.6-1.7) | 0.7 (0.4-1.3) |
| Hispanic | 1 (0.8-1.4) | 1.2 (0.8-1.6) | 1.3 (0.9-1.9) | 1.2 (1.0-1.6) | 1 (0.7-1.5) |
| Native American | 1.6 (0.9-3.0) | 1.5 (1.0-2.3)* | 2.4 (1.2-5.1)* | 2.3 (1.3-3.9)** | 2.3 (1.0-5.2)* |
| Hawaiian\Pacific Islander | 0.1 (0-0.5)** | 0.3 (0.1-1.1) | 0.3 (0.1-1.7) | 0.2 (0.1-0.9)* | 0.1 (0-0.1)*** |
| Mixed Race | 1.5 (1.0-2.2) | 1.5 (0.9-2.4) | 1.6 (1.0-2.7)* | 1.4 (0.9-2.0) | 1.7 (1.1-2.6)* |
| Medical risk | 0.9 (0.7-1.0) | 1 (0.8-1.2) | 0.9 (0.8-1.1) | 1 (0.8-1.1) | 0.9 (0.7-1.2) |
| Behavior risk | 1.3 (1.0-1.8) | 1.3 (1.0-1.7)* | 1 (0.7-1.4) | 1.2 (0.9-1.6) | 1.4 (1.0-2.0)* |
| Obstetric Procedures | 1.1 (0.9-1.2) | 1 (0.9-1.2) | 1 (0.8-1.2) | 1 (0.9-1.1) | 1 (0.8-1.2) |
| Labor Complications | 1.1 (1.0-1.3) | 1 (0.8-1.2) | 0.9 (0.7-1.1) | 1.1 (0.9-1.2) | 1.3 (1.1-1.6)* |
| Very preterm | 1.9 (1.1-3.3)* | 1.4 (0.8-2.4) | 1.1 (0.7-1.9) | 1.7 (1.1-2.9)* | 1.2 (0.6-2.5) |
| Moderately preterm | 1.5 (1.2-2.0)** | 1.3 (0.9-1.7) | 1 (0.6-1.4) | 1.1 (0.8-1.6) | 1.3 (0.9-2.1) |
| Very low birth weight | 1.3 (0.8-2.1) | 1.8 (1.1-2.9)* | 2.1 (1.2-3.5)** | 1.3 (0.8-2.1) | 1.5 (0.8-3.1) |
| Moderately low birth weight | 1 (0.8-1.3) | 1.1 (0.8-1.4) | 1.5 (1.2-2.0)** | 1 (0.8-1.3) | 0.9 (0.6-1.3) |
| Congenital anomalies | 1.4 (1.0-2.0)* | 1.4 (1.0-2.0)* | 1.5 (1.0-2.3)* | 1.4 (1.0-1.9) | 1.1 (0.7-1.7) |
| Low HOME score | 1.7 (1.4-2.1)*** | 2.1 (1.6-2.8)*** | 1.7 (1.3-2.3)*** | 1.9 (1.5-2.4)*** | 2.3 (1.7-3.2)*** |
| Low parent support | 1.9 (1.4-2.5)*** | 1.8 (1.4-2.4)*** | 2.1 (1.6-2.7)*** | 1.9 (1.5-2.5)*** | 1.1 (0.8-1.5) |
Note. N = 5,487
*
p<.05
**
p<.01
***
p<.001