Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics of Study Participants, HIV Status, and Medication History
| |
|
|
Metabolic syndrome |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Total 296 | +80 | −187 | P value | |
| Female (%) | 26.7 | 30.0 | 23.5 | 0.266 | |
| Age (years) | 45.3 ± 8.3 | 47.0 ± 9.3 | 44.5 ± 7.6 | 0.032 | |
| Range | 22–77 | 26–77 | 22–64 | ||
| Race | 0.457 | ||||
| Caucasian (%) | 42.6 | 37.5 | 43.3 | ||
| African American (%) | 37.2 | 36.2 | 38.5 | ||
| Mixed/Asian/Other (%) | 10.5 | 15.0 | 9.1 | ||
| Hispanic/Latino (%) | 9.8 | 11.2 | 9.1 | ||
| Time since HIV diagnosis (years) | 12.1 ± 6.9 | 12.0 ± 7.1 | 12.2 ± 6.8 | 0.805 | |
| Ever diagnosed with AIDS (%) | 53.7 | 55.0 | 54.5 | 0.946 | |
| Time since AIDS diagnosis (years) | 7.8 ± 5.8 (157) | 6.9 ± 5.8 (45) | 8.4 ± 5.8 (100) | 0.135 | |
| Hepatitis C diagnosis (%) | 33.8 (281) | 36.8 (76) | 33.5 (176) | 0.611 | |
| CD4 count (cells/mL) | 455 ± 267 (281) | 478 ± 260 (76) | 447 ± 266 (179) | 0.324 | |
| Range | 4-1740 | 27-1088 | 4-1740 | ||
| CD4 <200 (%) | 16.7 | 14.5 | 17.3 | 0.575 | |
| Viral load (VL, copies/mL) | |||||
| Detectable VL (≥50; %) | 47.6 (275) | 43.2 (74) | 47.4 (175) | 0.545 | |
| VL ≥10,000 (%) | 18.9 (275) | 10.8 (74) | 21.1 (175) | 0.053 | |
| Median detectable VL | 4529 (131) | 2990 (32) | 5533 (83) | 0.045 | |
| HIV medications | 0.331 | ||||
| NRTI based (%) | 5.1 | 1.2 | 7.5 | ||
| NNRTI based (%) | 19.3 | 18.8 | 18.7 | ||
| Protease inhibitor based (%) | 42.2 | 46.2 | 42.8 | ||
| Other regimen (%) | 3.7 | 2.5 | 3.7 | ||
| No current HIV medication (%) | 29.1 | 31.2 | 27.3 | ||
| Taking hormones or steroids (%) | 16.6 | 15.0 | 16.6 | 0.748 | |
| Taking lipid-controlling medication (%) | 11.8 | 15.2 | 8.6 | 0.115 | |
| Framingham 10-year % CHD riska | 6.7 ± 5.5 (278) | 10.0 ± 7.6 (74) | 5.6 ± 4.1 (183) | <0.001 | |
| Relative risk | 0.92 ± 0.58 | 1.25 ± 0.71 | 0.79 ± 0.46 | <0.001 | |
Values are percentages or means ± standard deviation (SD) with the numbers of subjects in parentheses (except median is provided for viral load). Differences between those with or without metabolic syndrome tested by chi-squared test or t-test, with the exception of viral load where the MannWhitney test was used. CD4 count was square root–transformed prior to testing.
a
As previously defined 20.
Abbreviations: HIV, Human immunodeficiency virus; AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; NRTI, nucleoside/nucleotide reverse trancriptase inhibitor; NNRTI, non-NRTI; CHD, coronary heart disease.